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1.2. Fabrication PAN Precursor Nanofibers by Electrospinning Precursor PAN nanofibers are fabricated by electrospinning [36-38]. In this process, a high voltage of 10-30 kV is applied between a fine nozzle containing PAN solution and a metallic collector. Upon the application of voltage, a droplet of PAN solution, held together by surface tension at the tip of the nozzle, forms a Taylor cone and is ejected towards the collector because the built-up of electric charges overcome the surface tension that holds the droplet together and carry with them the attached polymer molecules [39]. While traveling towards the collector, the polymer jet undergoes several bending instabilities whereby its diameter decreases and major portion of the solvent evaporates [40]. The polymer nanofibers gathered on the collector are continuous and can be aligned depending on the collector type [18]. Figure 1.2 shows a schematic of such an experimental, laboratory scale, arrangement where the first order bending instability is only shown. Figure 1.2. Schematic of electrospinning process. Figure has been adopted from http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/lab/38728/1/image2. 5PDF Image | HIGH STRENGTH CARBON NANOFIBERS DERIVED FROM ELECTROSPUN POLYACRYLONITRILE
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