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CHAPTER 3 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The effect of electrospinning conditions on the morphology and mechanical properties of PAN nanofibers was investigated in this work and prior works of this research lab with the objective to obtain smooth, strong and stiff PAN nanofibers with improved molecular orientation. The latter is important in producing strong carbon nanofibers in the present work. To evaluate the carbon nanofiber properties, nanoscale tension experiments were conducted with individual nanofibers with the experimental methods described in Chapter 2. Experiments carried out before at the Nanomechanics and Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL) at the University of Illinois showed that the main two parameters of electrospinning, namely the voltage and the distance to the collector have a profound effect on the molecular orientation and the mechanical properties of PAN nanofibers. Based on the experiments in [43] the optimum electrospinning conditions for high strength and stiffness PAN nanofibers were identified. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies of stabilized PAN were used to find the optimum stabilization temperature and time in order to completely oxidize PAN, which is important for successful subsequent high temperature carbonization treatment. Carbon nanofibers were obtained at 800C, 1100C, 1400C and 1700C and their corresponding mechanical properties were evaluated by single nanofiber tension experiments. The maximum strength was achieved at 1400C, while the elastic modulus increased monotonically with temperature. The nanofiber nanostructural features, such as crystallite size and density were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and were also found to increase with heat treatment temperature. 21PDF Image | HIGH STRENGTH CARBON NANOFIBERS DERIVED FROM ELECTROSPUN POLYACRYLONITRILE
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