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3.1. Effect of Relative Humidity on the Morphology of PAN Nanofibers The relative humidity plays a critical role in obtaining smooth PAN nanofibers as shown in Figure 3.1. PAN nanofibers fabricated at 60% relative humidity had rough surface and porosity, whereas those fabricated at 30% relative humidity had remarkably smooth surface. Rough PAN nanofibers are inappropriate precursors for strong carbon nanofibers. Therefore, the relative humidity was pivotal for the success of this research. (a) (b) Figure 3.1. PAN nanofiber fabricated at (a) 60%, and (b) 30% relative humidity resulting in rough and smooth surfaces, respectively. Several groups have investigated before the effect of relative humidity on the morphology of electrospun polymer nanofibers [52-55]. In a study on the effect of humidity on electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene and poly(lactic acid) the fast absorption of oxygen into the polymer solvent during electrospinning was identified as one of the reasons for surface roughness and porosity [52]. Also, solvents with high volatility tend to introduce pores due to faster evaporation which causes moisture condensation on the nanofiber surface and thus faster cooling. Finally, polymer nanofibers fabricated at higher relative humidity are prone to beading too. On the other hand, it has been shown that Polyamide 6 [53] and Cellulose Acetate and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) [54] nanofibers had larger diameters 22PDF Image | HIGH STRENGTH CARBON NANOFIBERS DERIVED FROM ELECTROSPUN POLYACRYLONITRILE
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