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first heating cycle. Higher stabilization temperatures are not appropriate as they result in combustion of the fibers. Thus, the stabilization temperature of 300°C was used with a dwell time of 1 hour at peak temperature for all fibers that were subsequently carbonized at higher temperatures. Figure 3.3. DSC scans of PAN nanofibers stabilized at 250°C, 275°C and 300°C for 1 hr. The stabilized nanofibers were then heat treated at temperatures 800-1700°C to derive the carbon nanofibers. The nanofibers were loaded in the furnace tube and were partially covered to minimize the destructive effect of convection currents inside the furnace tube. FTIR spectroscopy data of the structure of the PAN precursor and TEM evidence of turbostratic carbon crystallite formation in the carbonized nanofibers were obtained as a function of temperature, which were instrumental in interpreting the measured mechanical properties. The FTIR spectra of as-spun PAN nanofibers, 300°C stabilized nanofibers, and 800°C carbonized nanofibers are shown in Figure 3.4. The characteristic vibrations for the chemical groups in PAN are clear: vibration at 2241 – 2243 cm-1 is due to the CN nitrile group [62,63], the vibrations of different aliphatic CH groups (CH, CH2, and CH3 bonds) are present at 2870 – 2931 cm-1, 1450 – 1460 cm-1, 26PDF Image | HIGH STRENGTH CARBON NANOFIBERS DERIVED FROM ELECTROSPUN POLYACRYLONITRILE
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