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US 2020/0051709A1 Feb.13,2020 11 TABLE 1 Sheetresistanceandtransmitancedataofvarioustransparentconductive films. CNT film RGO CNT/RGO Pristinegraphene(PG) CNT/PG 1stsetofsamples Sheet 21ko 475kg 620Q 260 0 110 0 resistance Transmittance Sheet resistance Transmitance 90 % 94 % 90 % 2ndsetofsamples 5.82kg 92% 95 % 92 % 210 20 95% calizeoverthecompleteshet,whichprovidebalistic chargetransportinaone-atom-thickmaterialwithvery litleopticalabsorption.Inpractice,however,graphene filmsproduced viaCVD orviasolutionprocesingof grapheneoxide(GO),reducedgrapheneoxide(RGO), and functionalized graphene contain multiple grain boundaries,laticedefects,oxidativetraps,and/orother [0110] Insummary,anovelanduniqueclasoftransparent and conductive electrodes has been developed. This new clasofhybridmaterialssurprisinglyofersthefolowing specialfeaturesandadvantages: [01](a)ThinfilmscontainingnetworksofmetalNWsor carbonnanotubescombinedwithpristinegrapheneshets preparedthrough solutionprocesingtechniquesarea promisingreplacementtoITOglasduetotheirexcep non-carbonelementsthatincreasetheelectricalresistance tionalyhighconductivity(lowresistance)andoptical transmitance.Asanexample,thesuperiorperformance tainsnon-hexagonalcarbons,whichalsoimpedeselectron oftransparentpristinegraphene-AgNWelectrodeson flow.Asaresult,thefilmsmustbemadethickerthan1-4 glassubstratesandtheiruseinorganicsolarcelshave atomiclayer(s)toobtainpracticalshetresistances.The been demonstrated. [0112] (b) Even though Cu has a much lower electrical conductivityascomparedwithsilver,theCuNW-pristine grapheneelectrodesstilsurprisinglyprovideexcelent combinationofhighopticaltransparencyandlowshet resistance. [013](c)EventhoughCNTshaveamuchlowerelectrical conductivityascomparedwithcoperandsilver,the CNT-pristinegrapheneelectrodesstilsurprisinglypro use of pristine graphene, in combination with highly conductive metal nanowires or carbon nanotubes, has overcomethisdeficiencythathasbenacriticalyimpor tantyetchalengingproblemforquitesometime. Weclaim: 1.An opticalytransparentand electricalyconductive filmcomposedofmetalnanowiresorcarbonnanotubes combinedwithpristinegraphenewithametalnanowire-to grapheneorcarbonnanotube-to-grapheneweightratioof videexcelentcombinationofhighopticaltransparency from1/9to9/1,whereinsaidpristinegrapheneissingle andlowshetresistancesuitableforawidevarietyof electro-opticaldeviceaplications. [014](d)Pristinegraphene(single-grain,oxygen-fre, crystalineandcontainsnooxygenandnohydrogen,and saidfilmexhibitsanopticaltransparencenolesthan80% andshetresistancenohigherthan300ohm/square. andhydrogen-fre)issignificantlymoreefectivethan 2.Theopticalytransparentandelectricalyconductive reducedgrapheneoxideandCVDgrapheneintermsof filmofclaim1,whereinsaidmetalnanowiresareselected impartingelectricalconductancetothemetalnanowireor fromnanowiresofsilver(Ag),gold(Au),coper(Cu), carbonnanotubefilmswithoutcompromisingtheoptical platinum(Pt),zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd),cobalt(Co),molyb transmitance.Thishasben quiteunexpected. denum (Mo),aluminum (Al),analoythereof,oracombi [015](e)Thepresentlyinventedpristinegraphene nationthereof. AgNW filmsareparticularlyusefulfororganicoptoelec 3.Theopticalytransparentandelectricalyconductive tronicdevicessuchasorganicphotovoltaic(OPV)cels, filmofclaim1,whereinsaidmetalnanowirescontainsilver organiclight-emitingdiodes,andorganicphoto-detectors nanowires. 4.Theopticalytransparentandelectricalyconductive substratesusinglow-costfabricationmethods. film ofclaim 1,whereinsaidmetalnanowirescontain becausetheycanbedepositedonflexible,light-weight [016](1)Animportantaspectofoptoelectronicthin-film coppernanowires. devicesisthetransparent,conductiveelectrodethrough 5.Theopticalytransparentandelectricalyconductive whichlightcouplesinoroutofthedevices.Indiumtin filmofclaim1,whereinsaidmetalnanowiresisselected oxide(ITO)iswidelyusedbutmaybetoexpensivefor anaplicationsuchassolarcels.Moreover,metaloxides suchasITO arebritleandthereforeoflimiteduseon flexiblesubstrates.Thepresentdisclosureprovidesa substituteforITOwithasimilarsheetresistanceand single-layergrapheneorfew-layergraphenehavingles transparencyperformance,butatalowercost,higher flexibility,durability,andintegrity. [017](g)Grapheneisapromisingtransparentconductor filmofclaim1,whereinsaidfilmexhibitsanoptical becauseofitsuniqueopticalandelectricalproperties.In transparencenolesthan85%andshetresistancenohigher principle,electronsinindividualgrapheneshetsdelo than10ohm/square. ofthematerial.TheCVD graphenealsoinherentlycon fromnanowiresofatransitionmetaloranaloyofa transitionmetal. 6.Theopticalytransparentandelectricalyconductive filmofclaim1,whereinsaidpristinegraphenecontains than10grapheneplanesofatoms. 7.TheopticalytransparentandelectricalyconductivePDF Image | HIGHLY CONDUCTING AND TRANSPARENT FILM AND PROCESS
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