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Electrochem 2020, 1 248 300 cycles (0.2 C). A cell fabricated with higher sulfur loading (7.11 mg/cm−2) still had a high areal capacity of 6.47 mAh cm−2. Given the promising performance of these few ZIF-67-containing cells, Electrochem 2020, 2, FOR PEER REVIEW 24 more studies on this and related MOF materials will be worth pursuing in future cell design. FFigiguurree1199. .EEleleccttrroosspiinniingtteecchniiquettoopprreeppaarreehhigighhssuurrfafacceeaarereaammaatstsoof fCCo,oN,N-C-CNNFFs.s.Usseeddwitihth ppeerrmisissioionnfrforomrerefeferernencece[1[10404],]©, ©22002200uusseeddwitihthppeerrmisissioionnfrforomEElslseevvieier.r. Carbon nitride might be conceptualized as an extreme form of nitrogen-doped carbon. As such, Carbon nitride might be conceptualized as an extreme form of nitrogen-doped carbon. As such, carbon nitride has high conductivity, but also has the ability to sequester polysulfide species. One study carbon nitride has high conductivity, but also has the ability to sequester polysulfide species. One to capitalize on these beneficial properties of carbon nitride is by utilizing them as components of a MOF study to capitalize on these beneficial properties of carbon nitride is by utilizing them as components that served as a separator layer [105]. Cells in which this separator layer are employed demonstrate a of a MOF that served as a separator layer [105]. Cells in which this separator layer are employed highinitialcapacityof1532.1mAhg−1(0.2C).Ratecap−a1bilitiesofaround1000mAhg−1wereachieved demonstrate a high initial capacity of 1532.1 mA h g (0.2 C). Rate capabilities of around 1000 mA h at−h1ighercurrentdensities(1.0and2.0C).Thesecellsdisplayaremarkablyhighcyclingstabilityeven g were achieved at higher current densities (1.0 and 2.0 C). These cells display a remarkably high after 12,000 cycles, after which they retain 88% of their capacity (as the capacitive electrode). This carbon cycling stability even after 12,000 cycles, after which they retain 88% of their capacity (as the nitride system thus represents another viable candidate for metal free-fabrication of Li-S batteries. capacitive electrode). This carbon nitride system thus represents another viable candidate for metal When nitrogen is doped into a MOF containing dispersed cobalt catalysts, a porous material free-fabrication of Li-S batteries. results [106]. This material can be used as a sulfur host in the cathode. The rationale for this cathode When nitrogen is doped into a MOF containing dispersed cobalt catalysts, a porous material composition is again to capitalize of the polysulfide sequestration afforded by the heteroatom dopant results [106]. This material can be used as a sulfur host in the cathode. The rationale for this cathode and metal sites, but in synergy with the porosity and surface area of contact between the scaffold and composition is again to capitalize of the polysulfide sequestration afforded by the heteroatom dopant the sulfur that is afforded by the MOF. The open framework structure also allows for advantageously and metal sites, but in synergy with the porosity and surface area of contact between the scaffold and high sulfur loading. Indeed, a Li-S battery comprising this cathode displays fast kinetics for ion and the sulfur that is afforded by the MOF. The open framework structure also allows for advantageously charge transport and good redox reaction kinetics for polysulfides. When operated at 1 C for 500 cycles high sulfur loading. Indeed, a Li-S battery comprising this cathode displays fast kinetics for ion and the cell can maintain 86% of its capacity, while at higher current density (5 C), a high rate performance charge transport and good redox reaction kinetics for polysulfides. When operated at 1 C for 500 of 600 mAh g−1 was accomplished. cycles the cell can maintain 86% of its capacity, while at higher current density (5 C), a high rate Ultrathin sheets of MO−1Fs have proven to effectively improve the safety of Li-S batteries by performance of 600 mAh g was accomplished. homogenizing Li ion flux due to their adsorption (at the anode side of the sheets) by the oxygen Ultrathin sheets of MOFs have proven to effectively improve the safety of Li-S batteries by atoms in the framework [107]. Cobalt likewise serves to sequester polysulfides. These features lead homogenizing Li ion flux due to their adsorption (at the anode side of the sheets) by the oxygen atoms to composite cells that exhibit low capacity decay (0.07%/cycle) after 600 cycles. An areal capacity in the framework [107]. Cobalt likewise serves to sequester polysulfides. These features lead to of 5.0 mAh cm−2 is also achieved with high sulfur loading (7.8 mg cm−2) The cell can be made to be composite cells that exhibit low capacity decay (0.07%/cycle) after 600 cycles. An areal capacity of 5.0 rather flexible and was even demonstrated to perform well even when bent at defined angles. mAh cm−2 is also achieved with high sulfur loading (7.8 mg cm−2) The cell can be made to be rather One MOF study utilized carbon cloth, graphene nanocloth, and cobalt phosphide components flexible and was even demonstrated to perform well even when bent at defined angles. grown on graphene [108]. This service at cathode support for sulfur at a loading of 2 mg cm−2. One MOF study utilized carbon cloth, graphene nanocloth, and cobalt phosphide components This cathode provided a very high rate capability of 930.1 mAh g−1 (3.0 C) with only capacity loss grown on graphene [108]. This service at cathode support for sulfur at a loading of 2 mg cm−2. This −2 ocfaothnolyde0.p03ro%v/icdyecdleaavfteerry5h0i0ghcyrcalteesc(a2p.0aCbi)l.itWyohfen93h0i.g1hmerAsuhlgfur(l3o.0adCin)gwsitohfounplytoca1p0.a8c3itmyglocssmofoanrley −2 −2 e0m.0p3l%oy/ceydc,leaahftigerh5a0r0ecaylclaepsa(2c.i0tyCo).fW8.h81enmhAighecrmsulf(u0r.0lo5aCd)inigsspofsusipblteo.1T0.h8i3smisgqcumite arehiegmhpsluolyfeudr, −2 loaahdiginhga,rseoaslucachpafcreiteystoafn8d.8in1gmcAathocdmesc(a0ff.0o5ldCs)misapyossuipbpleo.rTthimispisroqvueitdebaahttigerhiessualfsutrhleoatedcihnngo,slogsyuicsh ffurretehsetranexdpinlogrceadt.hode scaffolds may support improved batteries as the technology is further explored. Annititrrooggeenn-r-ricichhMOFFwaasseempploloyyeeddtotoccaappitiatalilzizeeoonntthheepoolylyssuulfilfdideebblolocckkininggaabbiliiltiytyoofftthheepoolalarr ssttrruucctturreeandto utilize theopenpoorreesstrtruucctuturereooffththeefrfarmameweworokrktotfoacfailciitlaiteateratprappinpginogf osuflsfulrfuinrtihne tchaethcaotdheoadsewaselwl aeslltaosftaociflaitcaitleitahtieghisguhrfsaucrefacrear[1e0a9[]1.0T9h].isTfhraismfreawmoerkwsotrkucstururectwuraes wdeacsodraetceodrawteidth wiriothn inroanonpaanrotipcalerstitcolesetrovesearsvae caastalcyastatloysmt teodmiatedtihaetertehdeorxerdeoaxctrieoancst.ioTnhse. cTohmebcionmatbioinaotifotnheofotpheen ofpraemn efrwamorekwwoirtkhwthiteh itrhoenircoantaclaytsatlyesftfeecfftievcetliyveglyavgeavgeogoododrerdeodxoxkiknienteictiscsasasweelllas a hiighssuulflfuurr −1 uuttiliilizzaattiion.. A specifific capacity of 1123 mAhhgg−1 wassaatttaiinedussiingtthiissccaatthode((0..2C)),,whiilleeaattaa higher current density, a capacity of 605 mA h g−1 was attained and even over 500 cycles a low capacity loss of 0.06%/cycle was observed. Whereas a plethora of studies employ either Mo or Co oxide nanoparticles, one study sought to harness both metals in the form of 3D, hierarchically-structured CoMn2O4 microspheres as sulfur hosts in the cathode [110]. The assembly of hollow spheres provided a scaffolding appropriate for −1 high sulfur loading while preventing dimensional expansion during cycling. The intimate nanoscalePDF Image | Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advances and Trends
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