PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 027
Electrochem 2020, 1 252 cobalt alloys with nickel phosphide (Ni2P). Addition of the Ni2P increases interaction with polysulfides and in this study additional activity of species identified as Ni2Co4P3 was delineated. Specifically, Ni2Co4P3 species weaken the S–S bonds in bound polysulfides, thus catalyzing polysulfides conversion. This activity was monitored and confirmed by kinetic studies. Having confirmed the heightened activity of Ni2Co4P3, the authors fabricated nanowires and composed a mat of these fibers on a nickel support to provide a large surface area, active catalytic material. An exceedingly high S loading of 25 mg cm−2 was achieved in a “microreactor-like sulfur cathode” (MLSC). The MLSC cell showed a high capacity 1223 mAh g−1 (0.1 C). This study illustrates several advantageous approaches to improving Li-S battery performance. First, catalysts should be rationally designed and rely on a combination of experimental and theoretical efforts applied in a mutual feedback loop. Second, designing catalyst elements to maximize surface area will guarantee that less material is needed to achieve a given performance, thus improving the sustainability of the process. Finally, creative designs like the MLSC could be applied with some of the other strategies and improvements discussed herein to further evaluate its benefits. 5. Advances in High Sulfur-Content Material Synthesis The future of Li-S batteries undoubtedly will be formed by some synergistic, optimal combination of cathode and separator technologies. The affordable and sustainable synthesis of high sulfur-content materials would seem to be the centerpiece of such future compositions. Efforts to recycle valuable Li-S battery components such as metals [79] and polymers [80] are also an important aspect that is underway. The ability to control the sulfur rank, sulfur allotropic distribution, and mechanical properties of organosulfur polymers are exceedingly attractive for tuning battery performance and attenuating the shuttle effect that has thus far continued to plague Li-S batteries. It was not until 2013 that inverse vulcanization was reported [63] revolutionizing the accessibility of predesigned architectures [81–83]. Inverse vulcanization has proven successful for a wide range of olefins [84,85,121–128], including sustainably-sourced olefins [129]. Indeed, this newfound tunability has set off a firestorm of activity among researchers for Li-S batteries, so much so that an extensive and insightful review specifically on inverse vulcanization-produced materials for Li-S batteries has been reported [95]. More recently, an exciting new mechanism for high sulfur-content materials, radical-induced aryl halide-sulfur polymerization (RASP) was reported. This mechanism expands the scope of organic monomers beyond the olefins required of inverse vulcanization to include aryl halides. The potential for high sulfur-content aromatic organic architectures produced by RASP as cathodic media for Li-S batteries has yet to be tested, but the potential is sure to be exploited in the near future. 6. Conclusions and Outlook The studies summarized in this review give a snapshot of the emerging work on Li-S batteries as of early 2020. Most of the work that has been undertaken has focused on the cathode and attenuating polysulfide solubility, transport and reaction within the cells. These properties are all influenced significantly by the surface area and proximity of adsorption sites to conductive parts of the scaffolds and membranes employed. More work on characterizing these aspects of the materials should be undertaken in the future to improve understanding of the mechanisms in order to drive rational design of future systems. For example, the development of in situ transmission electron microscopy for atomic resolution in battery components [130] should lead to remarkable insights that were previously inaccessible. The provocative possibility for the incorporation of single lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes is also an innovative strategy that holds great potential [131,132]. Emerging materials that can be employed in these systems are enriched by the recent discovery/engineering of new allotropic forms of carbon and sulfur and of synthetic routes to prepare high sulfur-content materials (inverse vulcanization and RASP), and these routes should be leveraged for extensive study to evaluate their utility in Li-S battery contexts. Safety concerns also remain with Li-S batteries. These safety concerns can be addressed by improved anode and anode interface research to prevent dendrite growth. AnotherPDF Image | Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advances and Trends
PDF Search Title:
Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advances and TrendsOriginal File Name Searched:
electrochem-01-00016.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2 Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2. Gamma sulfur also known as mother of pearl sulfur and nacreous sulfur... More Info
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)