PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 011
1 Introduction Today, batteries are ubiquitous and many appliances and products we use in our daily life would not be possible at all without portable and affordable electrochemical energy storage. Still, further advances in capacity, lifetime, and cost of batteries will open up new possibilities and markets. Some of the future uses have long been anticipated, but could not yet be put into practice because of these limitations, while others may have been unthought of before. 1.1 The need for better batteries Since the emergence of modern batteries in the mid 19th century, their performance has been improving continuously [1]. For decades, however, batteries were not widely used except for small gadgets (clocks, torches, remote controls, ...) and as starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) automotive batteries. The situation changed with the advent of portable electronics in the 1980s and the pace at which battery technol- ogy evolves has increased ever since [2, chap. 2]. Durability and safety of batteries were mostly improved by engineering and design optimizations, whereas capacity and power density saw the biggest improvements whenever new battery chemistries were introduced to the market. Looking at Fig. 1.1, one can see that actually most of the improvement in terms of energy density up to date was due to new chemistries. Especially when Li-ion batteries were introduced in the 1980s [3, 4], they enabled many new applications including truly portable communication, sensors, and entertainment. While the cheaper Pb-acid batteries still dominate the SLI and backup power mar- ket, today’s high-capacity state-of-the-art rechargeable batteries are almost exclusively Li-ion systems with graphite anodes and intercalation cathodes made from various host materials such as cobalt oxide or olivines [5]. Even though one has to be care- ful when comparing performance metrics for different cells without full knowledge about data acquisition and validation [6], the upper limits in terms of energy den- sity are commonly agreed to be well below 500Wh/kg for Li-ion batteries, a value that is considered to be too low for many practical applications including long-range electromobility [7, 8]. Additionally, the cost of today’s technologies is too high for many large-scale applications, such as grid storage [9]. Finally, there is a growing concern about the supply, processing and recycling of battery materials both in terms of technical availability and cost [10–13]. 11PDF Image | Lithium-Sulfur Battery: Design, Characterization, and Physically-based Modeling
PDF Search Title:
Lithium-Sulfur Battery: Design, Characterization, and Physically-based ModelingOriginal File Name Searched:
Dissertation_David_N._Fronczek_The_Lithium_Sulfur_Battery.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2 Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2. Gamma sulfur also known as mother of pearl sulfur and nacreous sulfur... More Info
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)