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Electrodes are prepared from the materials and tested in coin cells. Except for the ready-made separator membranes, the cells were prepared from scratch. The individ- ual steps of the preparation process are outlined in Fig. 2.2 and described in detail in the following sections. materials chemical processes mechanical processes binder carbon black slurry mixing Li foil comm. Li2 S analysis high energy milling non-aqueous electrolyte CVD operation / cycling Figure 2.2: Flowchart illustrating the basic steps of the cell preparation process. 2.2 Active material preparation Undoubtedly, the most delicate step of this project is the preparation of the cathode active material. To meet the requirements outlined in section 2.1, a novel coating procedure was established and optimized. It consists of a ball-milling step, followed by subsequent alternating steps of chemical vapor deposition and mechanical mixing. Since Li2S is highly susceptible to trace moisture and – to some degree – to oxygen, all preparation steps must be carried out in an inert Argon atmosphere. 2.2.1 Ball milling As a first step, pure, commercially available lithium sulfide (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) is ball-milled to reduce the particle size to 2 μm. While even smaller particle sizes are considered beneficial for both sulfur utilization and rate performance, ball-milling provides an easy, affordable and reproducible way of reducing the particle size to a reasonable value. The instrument used for ball-milling is a 8000M Mixer/Mill cell assembly spreading, drying, punching 19PDF Image | Lithium-Sulfur Battery: Design, Characterization, and Physically-based Modeling
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