Lithium-Sulfur Battery: Design, Characterization, and Physically-based Modeling

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Lithium-Sulfur Battery: Design, Characterization, and Physically-based Modeling ( lithium-sulfur-battery-design-characterization-and-physicall )

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5 Modeling the lithium-sulfur battery – calibration and simulation results In this chapter, a detailed computational study of the liquid-electrolyte Li/S battery is presented. The structure of this chapter follows that of section 4.2.6, where the different reaction mechanisms have been introduced and discussed: First, the global two-step model is used to study the influence of the cell geometry, the electrolyte properties, and the cycling protocol on the performance of the battery. Chronolog- ically, these results predate the experimental work and also influenced the cell and electrode design, reported in chapters 2 and 3. Next, the results of the multi-step model with literature parametrization are presented in section 5.2, including a techni- cal discussion of the model’s features. The results of this work, including discharge profiles, chemical species concentrations, and impedance spectra are analyzed and discussed, as previously published in Ref. [P2]. The reparametrization of the model is detailed in section 5.3, including a full description of all calibration steps, using both data recorded experimentally and values available from literature. Note that this cali- bration is only valid for one type of Li/S cell. The same model can also be calibrated to describe different cells, as presented e.g. in Ref. [P4]. An attempt to validate the cal- ibrated model is made in section 5.4 before more simulation results are delivered and analyzed in section 5.5. Simulations with the polysulfide shuttle enabled are reported in section 5.6. A discussion of the early results of this model extension concludes the simulation part of this work. Finally, a critical review of the model’s features, achieve- ments, and limitations is presented in section 5.7, including a discussion of possible model improvements and extensions. 5.1 Global two-step model The global two-step model, described in section 4.2.6 above, is simplistic by design and does not claim to represent the electrochemistry of any actual cell. Instead, its parameter set is mostly chosen intuitively. Given this limitation, this model is not capable of nor intended to reproduce experimentally obtained data. The discharge/ charge profile shown in Fig. 5.1, for example, does not share a lot of similarity with the profile of a real Li/S cell as e.g. presented in Fig. 3.14. Because of the simplified 91

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