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Although challenges exist in RT Na-S batteries, some work has been reported since 2006.[5] Research efforts have been devoted to developing suitable electrolytes with high ionic conductivity in order to enhance the cell performance.[5a, f] Solid PEO polymer electrolyte and PVDF gel polymer electrolyte have been studied, and relatively high sodium ion conductivity (~10-4 S cm-1) has been achieved.[5c, d] Further, liquid electrolytes such as ether-based electrolyte or other solvents (e.g. EC, DMC, PC) with sodium salt such as NaCF3SO3 or NaClO4 have been used to promote the formation of the intermediate products polysulfides during the charge and discharge processes.[5e, g] However, the well-known shuttle effect of polysulfides in the electrolyte has become the major issue. Recently, more efforts have been focused on developing advanced electrode materials and novel cell configurations to prohibit the polysulfides diffusion to Na electrode, such as applying an ion selective Nafion-coating membrane as a separator,[5h] inserting a carbon-based interlayer between cathode and separator,[5i, j] and using Na-S reduction products (e.g. sodium polysulfide catholytes or Na2S) as cathode materials.[5k, l] Xin et al. employed carbon materials as a matrix to improve the utilization of S and confine the polysulfides.[5m] Yu et al. applied carbon materials, Nafion-coating separator and polysulfide catholytes to enhance the capacity retention.[5n, o] So far as it concerns, the effective carbon materials conducted in RT Na-S batteries have been involved with carbon nanofiber, mesoporous carbon, microporous carbon and hard carbon.[5p, q] Besides, Hwang et al. concluded that the electrochemical performance of RT Na-S batteries is dependent on the sulfur content, for instance, in the S/carbon nanofiber composite, S loading below 48% is beneficial for a good performance.[5p] Graphene, with a unique two-dimensional (2D) carbon structure, has been widely used in Li-ion batteries since its discovery due to its exceptional electrical conductivity, high specific 4 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reservedPDF Image | Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets Composites as Cathode in Sodium-Sulfur Batteries
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