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Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets Composites as Cathode in Sodium-Sulfur Batteries

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Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets Composites as Cathode in Sodium-Sulfur Batteries ( nitrogen-doped-graphene-nanosheets-composites-as-cathode-sod )

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NGNS/S nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile chemical reaction-deposition method,[12] and followed by low temperature heat treatment, as shown in Figure 1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to confirm the weight percentages of S in the NGNS/S composites. As shown in Figure S1a, the weight loss of as-prepared high S loading sample before heat treatment is ~90 wt. %, referred as NGNS/S-90. After heat treatment at 155oC, S loading content was reduced to ~86 wt. %, referred as NGNS/S-H86 in the following content. In Figure S1b, it can be observed that the NGNSH has a weight loss of ~5 wt. % after heat treatment, which is mainly due to the moisture evaporation. The NGNS/S-30 sample has been obtained with ~30 wt. % of sulfur before heat treatment and ~25 wt. % of sulfur remaining after heat treatment, which is referred as NGNS/S-H25 in the following. In Figure S1c and S1d, the initial sulfur loading of ~69 wt. % and ~48 wt. % for NGNS/S-69 and NGNS/S-48, respectively, reduced to ~65 wt. % and ~45 wt. % for NGNS/S-H65 and NGNS/S-H45 after heat treatment, respectively. Figures S2a and S2b show the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of NGNS/S-H86, sulfur, NGNSH and NGNS/S-H25, respectively. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) results derived from Figure S2a and S2b show that NGNSH, NGNS/S-H25, NGNS/S-H86, and S exhibit the surface area of 570, 272, 6.5, and 1.2 m2 g-1, respectively. It indicates that the surface area of nanocomposite decreases with the increase of S loading. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of S, NGNS/S-H86, NGNS/S-H65, NGNS/S-H45, NGNS/S-H25, NGNSH, and graphene nanosheets (GNS) are presented in Figure 2. A broad diffraction peak at around 24° can be observed in the GNS curve, corresponding to the characteristic (002) plane of multi-layered graphene. The XRD pattern of NGNSH shows the peak position of (002) plane shifts to around 26°. This small change of peak position indicates that the nitrogen defect sites were successfully doped into the NGNS during the ammonia 7 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets Composites as Cathode in Sodium-Sulfur Batteries

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