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Electrochem 2021, 2 238 S.N. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14 15. 16. Electrode Materials Iron phosphide (FeP) nanotubes Activated CNF Carbon-coated tin nitride (TiN) 80:20 PAN, Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene (PAN/PAN-co-PB) derived CNF CNF/graphene ZIF-8 derived nanoporous carbon (ZIF-8/NPC) Nitrogen-doped hollow activated carbon nanofibers (HACNFs) Nitrogen doped NCFs@polypyrrole (NCNF-900@PPy) Three-dimensional porous CNFs (P@3D-CNF) ZIF-7/glucose composite-derived carbon-L-950 Graphene/carbon nanotube/iron oxide (G/CNT/Fe2O3-150) CNF-40 (Polystyrene foam/PAN, PF:PAN = 40:60) Vanadium pentoxide V2O5/vertically aligned CNTs composites (V2 O5 /VACNT) Three dimensional boron-doped CNF (3D-BN-CNF-F900) Porous CNF-3 Reduced graphene oxide-CNF (rGO-CNF, 1:1) Electrolyte 1 M LiCl 6M KOH 1 M KOH 2 M KOH 6 M KOH 3 M (KOH) 6 M KOH 6 M KOH 2 M KOH 6 M KOH 1 M Li2SO4 1 M H2SO4 1 M sodium sulphate (Na2 SO4 ) 2MKOH 6MKOH 6MKOH Capacitance 149.11 F g−1 156.0 F g−1 167.0 F g−1 172.0 F g−1 183.0 F g−1 190.0 F g−1 197.0 F g−1 202.0 F g−1 205.5 F g−1 228.0 F g−1 258.0 F g−1 271.6 F g−1 314.0 F g−1 316.5 F g−1 Current density Reference obtain anode materials with desirable properties. The major negative electrode materials include tin-based [18,19], copper-based [20], vanadium-based [21,22], MO-based [23,24], iron-based [25–27], and carbon-based electrode materials [28–32] (Table 1). We review the carbon fiber-based negative electrode details in this report. Compared to carbon-based materials, metal-based negative electrode materials have been reported to show superior capacitance values. The major concerns of metal-based materials are the phase changes that occur due to the redox activity during long-term use and their low conductivity, notably limiting their uses [33–35]. Thus far, only carbon materials have been used in commercial electrical supercapacitor devices due to their excellent stability under various conditions, such as pH and temperature. Moreover, carbon materials have desirable properties, such as a large surface area and outstanding conductivity, compared to metal-based electrodes. The major carbon materials are activated carbon (AC) [36,37], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [38,39], graphene [40], carbon cloth (CC) [41], electrospun carbon nanofibers [32,42,43], porous carbons [44–46], and their composites (Table 1). Table 1. List of negative electrode materials reported in the literature. 1 mA cm−2 [27] 0.5 A g−1 [31] 1 A g−1 [19] 1 A g−1 [29] 1 A g−1 [47] 1 A g−1 0.2 A g−1 [49] 1 A g−1 [50] 1 A g−1 [28] 0.1 A g−1 [46] 1 A g−1 [51] 0.5 A g−1 [52] −1 2Ag [21] 0.5 A g−1 [42] 0.5 A g−1 [53] 0.25 A g−1 [43] [45,48] 284.0 F g 295.0 F g−1 −1PDF Image | Review of Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber-Based Negative Electrode Materials
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