PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
ARTICLE COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-022-00626-2 imide in a solvent mixture of DME: DOL 1:1 volume ratio with 1 wt% LiNO3. The carbonate electrolyte consisted of 1 M LiPF6 in 1:1 volume ratio of EC: DEC. The E/S ratio was kept constant at 20 for all electrochemical testing. A tri-layer membrane 25 μm thick (2325, Celgard Inc) was used as a separator. The galva- nostatic charge-discharge measurements were carried out in a potential range of 1.0–3.0 V vs. Li/Li+ using Maccor 4000 and Neware BTS 4000 battery cyclers. The CV measurements were performed in a potential range of 1.0–3.0 V vs. Li/Li+ at a range of scan rates from 0.01 to 0.5 mV·s−1 using a multi-channel potentiostat (Biologic VMP3). The capacity calculations were done considering the weight of sulfur in the cathodes and the C rates were calculated based on 1 C = 1675 mA·g−1. The long cycling tests were done at lower loading of 0.5 mg·cm−2 and high loading cells were tested at 5 mg·cm−2 with the same E/S ratio of 20. EIS measurements were performed between 100 and 100 MHz frequency range using an AC pertur- bation of 10 mV RMS amplitude (Biologic VMP3). Data availability The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Received: 27 August 2021; Accepted: 15 December 2021; References 1. Yin, Y. X., Xin, S., Guo, Y. G. & Wan, L. J. Lithium-sulfur batteries: electrochemistry, materials, and prospects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52, 13186–13200 (2013). 2. Chung, S. H. & Manthiram, A. Current status and future prospects of metal- sulfur batteries. Adv. Mater. 31, e1901125, https://doi.org/10.1002/ adma.201901125 (2019). 3. Armand, M. & Tarascon, J. M. Building better batteries. Nature 451, 652–657 (2008). 4. Manthiram, A., Fu, Y., Chung, S. H., Zu, C. & Su, Y. S. Rechargeable lithium- sulfur batteries. Chem Rev 114, 11751–11787 (2014). 5. Wild, M. et al. Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 3477–3494 (2015). 6. Lv, D. et al. High energy density lithium-sulfur batteries: challenges of thick sulfur cathodes. Adv. Energy Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201402290 (2015). 7. Liu, M. et al. A review: electrospun nanofiber materials for lithium‐sulfur batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201905467 (2019). 8. Peng, H.-J., Huang, J.-Q., Cheng, X.-B. & Zhang, Q. Review on high-loading and high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/aenm.201700260 (2017). 9. Rafie, A., Pai, R. & Kalra, V. Dual-role electrolyte additive for simultaneous polysulfide shuttle inhibition and redox mediation in sulfur batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta03425a (2021). 10. Pai, R. & Kalra, V. Vanadium monoxide-based free-standing nanofiber hosts for high-loading lithium-sulfur batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 4, 5649–5660, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c00293 (2021). 11. Pai, R. et al. Tuning functional two-dimensional MXene nanosheets to enable efficient sulfur utilization in lithium-sulfur batteries. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci 2, 100480 (2021). 12. Singh, A. & Kalra, V. TiO phase stabilized into freestanding nanofibers as strong polysulfide immobilizer in Li–S batteries: evidence for Lewis acid–base interactions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 37937–37947 (2018). 13. Aurbach, D. et al. On the surface chemical aspects of very high energy density, rechargeable Li–sulfur batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1149/ 1.3148721 (2009). 14. Li, X. et al. Safe and durable high-temperature lithium-sulfur batteries via molecular layer deposited coating. Nano Lett. 16, 3545–3549 (2016). 15. Xu, Z. et al. Enhanced performance of a lithium-sulfur battery using a carbonate- based electrolyte. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 55, 10372–10375 (2016). 16. Tao, X. et al. Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries operated at 37 degrees C with composites of nanostructured Li7La3Zr2O12/carbon foam and polymer. Nano Lett. 17, 2967–2972 (2017). 17. Cleaver, T., Kovacik, P., Marinescu, M., Zhang, T. & Offer, G. Perspective— commercializing lithium sulfur batteries: are we doing the right research? J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, A6029–A6033 (2017). 18. Choi, J. W. & Aurbach, D. Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities. Nat. Rev. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1038/ natrevmats.2016.13 (2016). 19. Marom, R., Amalraj, S. F., Leifer, N., Jacob, D. & Aurbach, D. A review of advanced and practical lithium battery materials. J. Mater. Chem. https:// doi.org/10.1039/c0jm04225k (2011). 20. Zhang, S. S. A review on electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 162, 1379–1394 (2006). 21. Yim, T. et al. Effect of chemical reactivity of polysulfide toward carbonate- based electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries. Electrochim. Acta 107, 454–460 (2013). 22. Helen, M. et al. Insight into sulfur confined in ultramicroporous carbon. ACS Omega 3, 11290–11299, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01681 (2018). 23. Helen, M. et al. Single step transformation of sulphur to Li2S2/Li2S in Li-S batteries. Sci. Rep. 5, 12146, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12146 (2015). 24. Maria Joseph, H., Fichtner, M. & Munnangi, A. R. Perspective on ultramicroporous carbon as sulphur host for Li–S batteries. J. Energy Chem. 59, 242–256 (2021). 25. Xin, S. et al. Smaller sulfur molecules promise better lithium-sulfur batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 18510–18513 (2012). 26. Fu, C., Wong, B. M., Bozhilov, K. N. & Guo, J. Solid state lithiation- delithiation of sulphur in sub-nano confinement: a new concept for designing lithium-sulphur batteries. Chem. Sci. 7, 1224–1232 (2016). 27. Kensy, C. et al. The role of carbon electrodes pore size distribution on the formation of the cathode–electrolyte interphase in lithium–sulfur batteries. Batteries Supercaps 4, 612–622 (2020). 28. Meyer, B. Solid allotropes of sulfur. Chem. Rev. 64, 429–451 (1964). 29. Meyer, B. Elemental sulfur. Chem. Rev. 76, 367–388 (1976). 30. Watanabe, Y. The crystal structure of monoclinic y-sulphur. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B B30, 1396–1401 (1974). 31. Moon, S. et al. Encapsulated monoclinic sulfur for stable cycling of li-s rechargeable batteries. Adv. Mater. 25, 6547–6553 (2013). 32. Gallacher, A. C. & Pinkerton, A. A. A redetermination of monclinic γ-sulfur. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C Crystal Struct. Commun. 49, 125–126 (1993). 33. Jung, S. C. & Han, Y.-K. Monoclinic sulfur cathode utilizing carbon for high- performance lithium–sulfur batteries. J. Power Sources 325, 495–500 (2016). 34. Takahagi, T. & Ishitani, A. XPS study on the surface structure of carbon fibers using chemical modification and C1s line shape analysis. Carbon 26, 389–395 (1988). 35. Liang, X. et al. A highly efficient polysulfide mediator for lithium-sulfur batteries. Nat. Commun. 6, 5682 (2015). 36. Chung, S. H. & Manthiram, A. Carbonized eggshell membrane as a natural polysulfide reservoir for highly reversible Li-S batteries. Adv. Mater. 26, 1360–1365 (2014). 37. Cañas, N. A. et al. Investigations of lithium–sulfur batteries using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim. Acta 97, 42–51 (2013). 38. Deng, Z. et al. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of a lithium/ sulfur battery: modeling and analysis of capacity fading. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160, A553–A558 (2013). 39. Jin, Y. et al. High-energy-density solid-electrolyte-based liquid Li-S and Li-Se batteries. Joule 4, 262–274 (2020). 40. Markevich, E. et al. The effect of a solid electrolyte interphase on the mechanism of operation of lithium–sulfur batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 19873–19883 (2015). 41. Etacheri, V., Marom, R., Elazari, R., Salitra, G. & Aurbach, D. Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review. Energy Environ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01598b (2011). 42. Singh, A. & Kalra, V. Electrospun nanostructures for conversion type cathode (S, Se) based lithium and sodium batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 7, 11613–11650 (2018). Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank the Drexel Ventures Innovations Fund and the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1804374) for funding. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Craig Johnson from Drexel University’s Materials Characterization Core for his help with TEM measurements. We would like to thank Dr. Sydrech Mykola and Prof. Yury Gogotsi for their help with BET surface area measurements. We would also like to thank Varun Natu and Dr. Maxim Sokol and Prof. Michel Barsoum’s group for their help with material characterization and digital micrography and for reviewing the paper. Author contributions R.P. and V.K. designed and executed the study. V.K. supervised the project. MHT provided regular feedback and expertise on experimental design. R.P. performed the material development, electrochemical experiments, material characterizations, and wrote the paper. A.S. contributed toward initial discussions. All authors contributed to the editing of the paper. Competing interests V.K. and R.P. are co-inventors on patent US20200321600A1. All other authors declare no competing interests 10 COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY | (2022)5:17 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-022-00626-2 | www.nature.com/commschemPDF Image | Stabilization of gamma sulfur at room temperature to enable the use of carbonate
PDF Search Title:
Stabilization of gamma sulfur at room temperature to enable the use of carbonateOriginal File Name Searched:
s42004-022-00626-2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2 Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2. Gamma sulfur also known as mother of pearl sulfur and nacreous sulfur... More Info
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)