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Molecules 2021, 26, 5276 12 of 22 The SEM images indicated that the neat PLA exhibited a smooth, homogeneous, and compact fractured surface. The SEM images were characterised by flakes, ridges, and rough surfaces with increasing fibre content. Rougher surfaces were observed in the 5% CNF composite, with white particles (probably CNF) embedded on the PLA/chitin matrix surfaces. 2.5. The Structural Properties of Bamboo and Commercial CNF-Reinforced PLA/Chitin Bionanocomposites The structural properties of the biocomposites were evaluated using FT-IR and XRD analysis, as presented in Figures 6 and 7. The FT-IR analysis of B-CNF- and C-CNF-reinforced biocomposites is presented in Figure 6a, and the schematic diagram of possible bonding is presented in Figure 6b. The results showed similar bands and stretches in the FTIR spectra. The band stretch Molecules 2021, 26, x FOR PEER REVIbEeWtween 3300 and 3600 cm−1, which can be attributed to OH, confirmed prese1n3ceof o2f3 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 3400 2350 1650 1150 PLA P9010 B90101 B90103 B90105 C90101 C90103 C90105 hydrogen bonding in the biocomposite. The lower band stretches below 1500 cm−1 for all samples, can be attributed to C-H and C-C linkages common for all polysaccharides. The FT-IR spectra between 3400 and 3650 cm−1 were due to the OH band present in chitin fractured surface. The SEM images were characterised by flakes, ridges, and rough sur‐ and CNF. The band at 2950 cm−1 was attributed to C-H stretching vibrations, which are faces with increasing fibre content. Rougher surfaces were observed in the 5% CNF com‐ typically present in PLA, chitin, and CNF. The spectra band at 1654 cm−1, 1599 cm−1, and posite, with white particles (probably CNF) embedded on the PLA/chitin matrix surfaces. 1550 cm−1 was assigned to amide, like that present in chitin. However, peaks such as 1154 cm−1, 850 cm−1, and 650 cm−1 were not significantly observed in the biocomposites. 2.5. The Structural Properties of Bamboo and Commercial CNF‐Reinforced PLA/Chitin In general, both bamboo CNF and commercial CNF had similar functional groups. This Bionanocomposites was expected because the chemical structure of CNF is not affected by its source and The structural properties of the biocomposites were evaluated using FT‐IR and XRD method of production; otherwise, the CNF isolated is not pure [37,56]. analysis, as presented in Figures 6 and 7. Absorbance (a.u.) 4000 3000 Wave number (cm‐1) (a) Figure 6. Cont. 2000 1000 0PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibre
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