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5.1.1.1 Background 5.1.1.1.1 Solar Power 5.1.1.1.1.1 FirstGenerationSolarCells Crystalline Si technology, known as first generation solar cells, dominates the photovoltaic (PV) market at 90 % of total cells. This is one of the best materials for first generation PV cells due to its band gap as well as being the most abundant material in the Earth’s crust. However, given its brittle nature and optical properties, large volumes of high purity Si are needed in order to create PV cells. The amount of Si needed in conjunction with its high processing costs, to make high purity Si, make it very difficult to compete with electricity, even if the majority of the PV industry is using off grade poly-Si and scrap wafers from the microelectronics industry. It is because of this that newer technologies are emerging. 5.1.1.1.1.2 Second Generation Solar Cells Thin film technology is identified as second generation solar cells. Thin film solar cells (TFSC) are about 100 times thinner then Si PV wafers. Low cost deposition over large areas at lower temperatures with materials that can tolerate much higher levels of impurities makes them a much more cost effective technology then first generation solar cells. However, the disadvantages of TFSC, such as lower efficiencies (currently) and smaller technology and knowledge bases, have kept first generation solar cells at 90 % of the market. Of the few potential TFSC materials that give efficiencies of over 10 %, Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGS) has emerged as the leader. It is reported to have efficiencies of 18.8 % on the lab scale19 and efficiencies greater than 12 % on larger modules. 13.4 % 138PDF Image | Supercritical Fluid Deposition Of Thin Metal Films
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