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efficiency is recorded for a 3459 m2 module.17 Additional to its high efficiency, it shows excellent stability and radiation resistance.20 Some minor disadvantages, primarily composition control during processing, are hindering its overall acceptance. 5.1.1.1.1.3 Third Generation Solar Cells The third generation of solar cells is a general term coined to encompass all the new emerging technologies. Some of the popular emerging third generation solar cells in clued various semiconductor alloys, such as GaInP, quantum dots, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and organic photovoltaic cells implementing conducting polymers.21-24 Currently, the area of DSSC is gaining a majority of the attention due to its attractive efficiencies and ease of forming a working cell. The first DSSC photoelectrodes were made from Si, GaAs, InP, and CdS. When used with a redox electrolyte efficiencies of 10 % were realized. However, under irradiation, poor cell stability occurred due to photocorrosion of the electrode. This prompted new materials to be used as the photoelectrode material. Oxide semiconductors, such as TiO2, SnO2 and ZnO, are stable in solution during irradiation however, due to wide band gaps, cannot absorb light. This problem is quickly solved with the addition of a photosensitizer, typically an organic dye, which absorbs light and injects the electrons into the conduction band of the oxides. Efficiencies are increased by increasing the surface area of the oxide and by both increasing the amount of photosensitizer absorbed as well as the type of photosensitizer used based on the wavelength of light it will absorb.25 Currently, the highest efficiency DSSC is the Gratzel cell. These cells obtain efficiencies of 7 to 10 % with TiO2 photoelectrodes and Ru based organic dyes that can absorb light up to 900 nm 139PDF Image | Supercritical Fluid Deposition Of Thin Metal Films
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