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Solid Sulfur Allotropes 45 Fig. 17 Structure of fibrous sulfur projected along the fiber axis showing the arrange- ment of left- and right-handed helices in a pseudo-orthorhombic setting (x=1380 pm, y=3240 pm, z=925 pm); the orthorhombic x-axis corresponds to the monoclinic c-axis (cf. Fig. 16 and Table 19). The shortest intermolecular distances (333–348 pm) are indi- cated by dashed lines [8] 2.2.3.2 2nd Fibrous and Laminar Sulfur (Sw1 and Sw2) Polymeric sulfur or, generally speaking, insoluble sulfur can be obtained by various methods apart from quenching sulfur melts from temperatures above 160 C. The methods which have been reported are: – “Chilling” liquid sulfur [112] (a somewhat slower process than quenching) or quenching without stretching the product – Sublimation of sulfur vapor onto a (relatively) cold substrate [112] – Quenching of sulfur vapor in a cold solvent like carbon disulfide (“super- sublimation”; product commercially available under the trade-name Crys- tex) – Irradiation of solutions of sulfur rings at room temperature [113, 114, 136] or of solid S8 at low temperatures [137] – Thermal decomposition of metastable allotropes like S6, S7, etc. (see 2.3.2 below) – Application of high pressure in combination with high temperature or in- tense light (see below) Older reports that certain chemical reactions (hydrolysis of S2Cl2 [111], reaction of SO2 with H2S [138]) would produce polymeric sulfur are in error since the yellow product also contains long-chain polythionates which make it hydrophilic [139].PDF Image | Topics in Current Chemistry
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