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168 Wilfred E. Kleinjan et al. 4 Sulfur Compound Oxidizing Bacteria in Industrial Applications. 181 4.1 RemovalofHydrogenSulfideFromGasStreams. . . . . . . . . . . . 181 4.2 Biotechnological Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Gas Streams 182 5 Applications of Biologically Produced Sulfur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 6 Conclusions................................... 185 References........................................ 186 List of Abbreviations Ac. Acidithiobacillus Al. Allochromatium B. Beggiatoa HPLC High pressure liquid chromatography SB Sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria SRB Sulfate reducing bacteria XANES X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy XRD X-ray diffraction 1 Introduction 1.1 Biological Sulfur Cycle Biologically produced sulfur (often termed biosulfur, elemental sulfur, or S0) is a form of sulfur of oxidation state zero that is produced by microorgan- isms. At the end of the nineteenth century, first reports on the formation and the identification of sulfur globules were published with Beggiatoa bac- teria fed with a solution containing hydrogen sulfide [1]. Since then, a large variety of bacteria that are capable of sulfur formation have been reported [2–4]. The sulfur formed by these bacteria is an intermediate in the oxida- tion of sulfide or thiosulfate to sulfate and the bacteria are sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria, often called sulfur bacteria (SB). In Fig. 1 the role of these sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria in the biological sulfur cycle is pointed out. The biological sulfur cycle consists of a continuous oxidation and reduc- tion of sulfur compounds by microorganisms or plants. On the left hand side of the cycle in Fig. 1 the most reduced sulfur compound is shown (sul- fide) and on the right hand side the most oxidized form of sulfur (sulfate).PDF Image | Topics in Current Chemistry
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