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170 Wilfred E. Kleinjan et al. Table 1 Properties of some sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria Organism Chlorobiaceae b-Proteobacteria Thiobacillus thioparus Thiobacillus denitrificans Thiobacillus sp. W5 g-Proteobacteria Allochromatium vinosuma Halorhodospira abdelmalekiib Beggiatoa alba Acidithiobacillus thiooxidansc Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidansc Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans Thioalkalimicrobium cyclicum Xanthomonas Cyanobacteria Oscillatoria limnetica Energy Phototrophic Chemotrophic Chemotrophic Chemotrophic Phototrophic Phototrophic Chemotrophic Chemotrophic Chemotrophic Chemotrophic Chemotrophic Chemotrophic Phototrophic Carbon source Autotrophic Autotrophic Autotrophic Autotrophic Mixotrophic Mixotrophic Mixotrophic Autotrophic Mixotrophic Autotrophic Autotrophic Heterotrophic Autotrophic pH of Ref. Sulfur globules growth Extracellular a Allochromatium vinosum was formerly known as Chromatium vinosum [13] Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Intracellular Extracellular Intracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular [3] 6–8 [5] 6–8 [5] 7–9 [6] 7.5 8.4 [3, 7] [3, 8] [4, 9] 2–5 [5] 2–6 [5] 7.5–10.5 [10] 7.5–10.5 [10] 7 [11] 6.8 [12] b Halorhodospira abdelmalekii was formerly known as Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii [14] bon and hydrogen source) and other bacteria than the sulfur bacteria were found to be able to grow autotrophically. The term sulfur bacteria is there- fore not used, but sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria is used instead. There is a wide variety of sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria consisting of different groups and genera. Each of the bacteria has its own specific properties, such as the source for energy, carbon or hydrogen, the sulfide ox- idizing pathway, the size and shape of the bacteria and location of storing intermediate sulfur. In Table 1 a number of sulfur compound oxidizing bac- teria are listed with some of their distinctive properties. Classification of sul- fur compound oxidizing bacteria is however not straightforward. Different bacteria of the same bacterial family can have different properties. Each family consists of a wide variety of genera and strains, which can differ sub- stantially in sulfur-oxidizing capacities or other properties. Therefore, thePDF Image | Topics in Current Chemistry
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