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180 Wilfred E. Kleinjan et al. Fig. 8 Model for the deposition of sulfur inside or outside the cells in which the position of the electron acceptor on the membrane () determines the location of sulfur storage (after [46]) sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria. In this mechanism HS- anions are oxi- dized forming sulfide radicals (HS or S): HS ! HS þ e ð12Þ HS ! S þ Hþ ð13Þ These radicals are the basis for a complex sequence of reactions involving radicalization of ions and dimerization of radical ions, resulting in polysul- fide anions (Sx2), e.g.: 2S ! S2 ð14Þ 2 S2 þ S ! S ð15Þ 23 S þ S ! S2 ð16Þ 34 2S ! S2 ð17Þ 36 etc. Upon acidification of long chain polysulfide anions, elemental sulfur rings are formed: S2 þHþ !HS þS8 ð18Þ 9 In chemical oxidation reactions, the first oxidation step (forming of sul- fide radicals) is catalyzed by metal-ions like V5+, Fe3+, and Cu2+. In most sul- fur compound oxidizing bacteria, the first step in the oxidation of sulfide to sulfur is catalyzed by the enzyme flavocytochrome c [3]. In a number of bacteria with the capacity to oxidize sulfide to sulfur, flavocytochrome c has not been found and other cytochromes or quinones are believed to catalyze the oxidation of sulfide in these organisms. Brune [3] has suggested that the location of the catalyst for the acidifica- tion of polysulfide anions to elemental sulfur determines whether sulfur isPDF Image | Topics in Current Chemistry
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