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Biologically Produced Sulfur 183 Fig. 9 Scheme of the process for the biotechnological removal of H2S from gas streams. G=Gas absorber; B=Bioreactor; S=Settler are being used; bioscrubber, biotrickling filter, and biofilter. Since in the last two processes, sulfate is produced and not elemental sulfur, it is not within the scope of this chapter to elaborate on this (see [58]). The technology of the bioscrubber is however relevant since it is used in practice for the pro- duction of “biosulfur”. The principle of a bioscrubber system is explained in Fig. 9. It consists of a bioscrubber or gas absorber (G) and a bioreactor (B). In the gas absorber H2S is scrubbed from a gas stream by an alkaline solution: H2SðgÞ ! H2SðaqÞ ð24Þ H2SðaqÞ þ OH ! HS þ H2O ð25Þ After this the dissolved hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to elemental sulfur in a bioreactor: HS þ 1=2O2 ! S0 þ OH ð26Þ The formed elemental sulfur is then separated from the liquid by sedi- mentation in a settler (S). Here, aggregates of sulfur are formed, which can grow to particles with a diameter of up to 3 mm but which can also be easily ground down [40]. A limitation to the alkalinity of the liquid recycle is the optimum pH of growth of the bacteria in the bioreactor. Use of alkaliphilic sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria is therefore very interesting from a technological point of view. Apart from this, a number of side reactions take place. In the gas absorber polysulfides (Sx2, with x6) can be formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with sulfur: HS þðx1ÞS0 !S2 þHþ ð27Þ xPDF Image | Topics in Current Chemistry
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