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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION engines, the stress of modern engine became much higher owing to the higher temperature, pressure and the faster speed of rotors when the engine is in operation. But, because of the outstanding property such as the resistance against creep, fatigue and oxidation, nickel-based superalloy is still the first choice to be the substrate materials for today’s engine turbine [5,6]. The reason why modern engines can endure such a harsh operating environment is because of the advanced casting skills. Larger single crystal turbine blades and vanes could be made with complicated channels inside the turbine blades which benefit the cooling process [1]. The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is the other reason why nickel-based superalloy turbine blades can operate under the extreme hot environment. The fundamental function of thermal barrier coatings is to provide an overlay with low thermal conductivity and mitigate the heat transfer from engine gas [6]. By using TBC, 100 – 300 °C has been decreased from top layer of TBC system to the superalloy substrate [7]. Furthermore, according to the trend of nickel-based superalloy designing, creep resistance becomes much better, but along with the sacrifice of oxidation resistance [3]. Thus, thermal barrier coating becomes a necessary application to the engine turbine as a thermal insulator for increasing operation temperature. For thermal barrier coating systems, there are three layers, top coat, thermally grown oxide (TGO) and bond coat, which covers the nickel-based superalloy substrate. Unlike traditional failure mechanisms, with the increase of Page 15PDF Image | Volcanic Ash Degradation on Thermal Barrier Coatings
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