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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW hot components since 1960s. In APS process, argon has been ionized to plasma by electron arc and introduces YSZ powder into the plasma jet. YSZ stays in semi plastic state and propelled to the substrate. The molten YSZ flattens and solidify to form a YSZ coating [16,17]. Top coat which made by APS has a splat grain morphology with many layers which are parallel to the substrate and provides 10 - 25% porosity which leads to low elastic modulus and low thermal conductivity. Typically, thermal conductivity of APS YSZ top coat is about 0.8 - 1.1 W/mK [11,18]. Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition: The cross-sectional microstructure of EB-PVD YSZ top coat and its method are illustrated in Figure 2.6 and Figure 2.7. EB-PVD method is a more expensive method, which has been in use since 1980s. It produces a columnar structure with inter-column interface across the entire coating. The evacuated deposition chamber allows passage of electrons from the electron gun to the YSZ ingot. The generated electron beam is accelerated to a high kinetic energy and directed towards the evaporation material. The substrate is heated and placed into the YSZ vapour and the vapour deposits onto the substrate with the rate 4 - 10 μm per minute [20]. Oxygen is also being supplied into the chamber in a controlled amount in order to preserve the stoichiometric composition [20]. Generally, the feature of EB-PVD TBCs have columnar structure with typical coating thickness of about 120 - 150 μm and column width of about 1 - 6 μm and there are lots of Page 25PDF Image | Volcanic Ash Degradation on Thermal Barrier Coatings
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