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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Table 2.1 CMAS composition from service retired turbine blades composition CMAS deposit from Borom [32] CMAS deposit from Vidal-Setif [33] CMAS deposit from Braue [34] CaO 28.7 MgO 6.4 SiO2 11.1 Al2O3 43.7 TiO2 - Fe2O3 8.3 NiO 1.9 ZrO2 - Y2O3 - Others - 20-27 33.6 4.5-9 9.9 12.26 10.1 28-36 22.4 2-5 3 9-14 15.4 <1 0.8 1-4 0.9 <1 - - 3.9 2.2.2 Degradation Mechanisms of CMAS attack According to the results reported in the literature, CMAS stays in liquid phase and penetrates through the holes, pores or even columnar boundaries into the YSZ top coat when the engine is in operation as shown in Figure 2.8. Eventually, YSZ grain boundaries have been filled up by molten CMAS glass and become highly dense, regardless of whether the YSZ top coat was made by APS or EB-PVD [29,32,36]. Due to this phenomenon, strain tolerance of APS YSZ top coat layer has been reduced because the microstructure has been affected by the molten CMAS glass [37-39]. On the other hand, although it is really hard to remove EB-PVD TBCs from substrate because of their columnar structure, after CMAS penetration, YSZ top coat can be separated into two different zones, which Page 31PDF Image | Volcanic Ash Degradation on Thermal Barrier Coatings
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