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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW top coat using other stabilizers. According to the literature report, Gd2Zr2O7 and La2Zr2O7 provide a good CMAS degradation resistance function for TBC system [52,53]. 2.3.1 Protective Overlay Protective overlay is one of the most common ways to protect the YSZ top coat from CMAS attack. Among many different kinds of materials, alumina is a common protection material used to mitigate CMAS effectively which image is shown in Figure 2.10 [49]. Reaction between CMAS and alumina prevents the penetration of CMAS into the YSZ top coat. Near the CMAS/alumina interface, anorthite (Ca2Al2Si2O8) and spinel (MgAl2O4) are typically formed [49]. For Ca2Al2Si2O8 and MgAl2O4, the melting temperature is 1553 °C and 2135 °C respectively which are higher than the surface temperature of engine turbine, which is able to block the path of CMAS penetration. The phase of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 inside of CMAS is pseudo-wollastonite [43], which is really hard to be crystalized. However, after the reaction with Al2O3, phase transformation happens from pseudo-wollastonite to anorthite. This means the phase will transform from a hard-to-crystalize phase to a crystalizable phase after the chemical reaction. On the other hand, MgO will also react with Al2O3 and form MgAl2O4. Compared with the traditional YSZ TBC top coat, alumina protective overlays can effectively stop the CMAS degradation. Although protective coating is the easiest way to protect the YSZ top coat Page 36PDF Image | Volcanic Ash Degradation on Thermal Barrier Coatings
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