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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Figure 2.11 (a) Cross-sectional image of APS top coat made by YSZ doping alumina and titanium oxide interact with CMAS, and (b) its EDS mapping of Si The mechanism of dopants during the CMAS/YSZ interaction is really similar to the protective overlay that was mentioned in the last session. When the surface temperature reaches the CMAS melting point, CMAS starts to penetrate into the porous structure and generate cracks inside TBC. The molten CMAS also reacts with top coat. Because molten CMAS dissolved YSZ and released dopants from YSZ, the concentration of aluminium and titanium are increased during the heat treatment, since the concentration of alumina has been increased, phase transformation of CMAS from pseudo-wollastonite to anorthite will occur. Pseudo-wollastonite is known as a hard to crystallize phase, it changes abnormally and rapidly hundreds of degrees below its melting point. By adding alumina, CMAS would transformed from pseudo-wollastonite to crystalizable anorthite [43]. Also, the solid anorthite will stay at its interface and block the pathway of CMAS penetration. During the interaction, titanium is treated as a nucleation agent [38,41,43], and the precipitated alumina still reacts with the CMAS, and facilitates the crystallization. Page 38PDF Image | Volcanic Ash Degradation on Thermal Barrier Coatings
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