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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH PROPOSAL volcanic ash-YSZ mixture and volcanic ash-Al2O3, and 6) sol-gel based synthesis of metal-oxide based protective coatings. 1. Characterization of the volcanic ash It is necessary to carry out initial measurement of the melting temperature and thermo-physical properties of volcanic ash by using DTA. Characterization of the surface morphological change and surface roughness of ash after thermal exposure will also be done using high magnification digital microscope (Keyence VHX-5000). Although the surface of volcanic ash shows a significant roughness and great variation of height, by compiling lots of images at different focal planes, highly focused images can still be obtained. Also, focal position data on image can be utilised to build up a 3D model. On the other hand, the composition will be measured by X-ray fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) and the phase will be determined using XRD. XRF is a technique used for elemental quantitative analysis which mechanism is similar with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The principle of XRF is using an X-ray to irradiate the sample and make electron to be ejected from its original atomic orbit. In order to fill up the space, electron coming from higher energy level orbit will drops to lower energy level orbit and release fluorescent X-ray which is characteristic and can be defined to a particular element. By analysing these characteristic fluorescent X-rays, the composition of the sample and the concentration of elements can be measured. For EDX, an electron gun built up in Page 43PDF Image | Volcanic Ash Degradation on Thermal Barrier Coatings
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