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CHAPTER 4 VOLCANIC ASH AND ITS PENETRATION MECHNISMS IN TBCS yttria-depleted YSZ transformed back to monoclinic phase. Yttria-rich YSZ stayed in the tetragonal phase because yttria stabilizes the tetragonal phase, which made the decrease of 18% of monoclinic phase yttria. Figure 4.21 Schematic diagram of monoclinic phase YSZ after 490°C thermal exposure Table 4.4 The comparison of degradation mechanisms by volcanic ash from Sakurajima, Eyjafjallajökull and artificial CMAS Volcanic ash- Sakurajima Artificial CMAS [40] temperature 1235 °C 1240~1260 °C of Yttrium √ √ Melting Depleting Phase transformation t’-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 t’-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 Penetration speed 40μm/ 30mins 20μm/ 4hrs Volcanic ash- Eyjafjallajökull [41,69] 1200 °C √ t’-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 150μm/ 1hr Table 4.4 is a comparison between artificial CMAS [40], Volcanic ash from Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland [41,69], and Volcanic ash from Sakurajima volcano, Japan. Basically, volcanic ash and artificial CMAS share almost the same degradation mechanisms such as depleting of YSZ and lead the phase transformation. However, there is an important difference between the other two, besides the melting temperature. Compared with artificial CMAS shown in literature [40], volcanic ash has a faster penetration speed than artificial CMAS. Page 67PDF Image | Volcanic Ash Degradation on Thermal Barrier Coatings
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