PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 006
The added-value of the co-products makes it possible to produce fuels at costs that are market competitive at a given biomass resource price. Wageningen UR (NL) performed a study in 2010 in which 12 full biofuel value chains – both single product processes and biorefinery processes co-producing value-added products – were technically, economically and ecologically assessed [8]. The main overall conclusion was that the production costs of the biofuels could be reduced by about 30% using the biorefinery approach. Figure 1. is a general illustration of an agriculture feedstock based biorefinery that is built around biochemical conversion technologies. There are also other models based on forest, marine and solid waste feedstocks, and models built around (thermo-)chemical conversion technologies, such as chemical conversion, gasification and pyrolysis. It should be noted that there are also other models based on forest, marine and solid waste feedstocks, and models built around (thermo-)chemical conversion technologies, such as chemical conversion, gasification and pyrolysis. IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefinery Definition “Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products (food, feed, materials, chemicals) and energy (fuels, power, heat)” The IEA Bioenergy Task 42 definition of a biorefinery allows it to be viewed as concept, a facility, a process, a plant or even a cluster of facilities. A biorefinery is not a new concept; many traditional users of biomass, sugar, starch and pulp industries run biorefineries today. However, it is the rapid expansion in biofuel production and the need to derive value from all of the co-products which is driving the development of modern biorefineries at the moment. To be a viable proposition, the production of bio-based energy, materials and chemicals alongside biofuels should improve the overall economics of biorefinery operation and, in some cases, may even be the primary revenue stream. One of the main drivers for the establishment of biorefineries is the call for sustainability. Biorefinery development can be designed for environmental, social and economic sustainability impacting the full product value chain. New industrial development also requires a social contract from the communities and countries in which they plan to operate. This can include issues of direct and indirect employment, new skills development, health, noise and nuisance factors, ownership and consultative decision-making. Finally the biorefinery needs to dovetail with the existing infrastructure. Both the biorefinery and petrochemical industry need to play key parts of future bio- petro hybrid value chains. In the establishment of biomass feedstock supply consideration should be given to possible unintended consequences such as the competition for food and biomass resource, the impact on water use and quality, changes in land-use, soil carbon stocks and long term fertility, net balance of greenhouse gases and impacts on biodiversity. Also, the amount and type of energy used to operate the biorefinery and transport its inputs and outputs needs to be evaluated. The range and balance of products produced in a biorefinery needs to be market competitive and will be critical to its economic sustainability. Within the bio-based economy and the operation of a biorefinery there are significant opportunities for the development of bio- based chemicals and polymers. At the global scale, the production of bio-based chemicals could generate US$ 10-15 billion of revenue for the global chemical industry (7). Examples of some of these opportunities are described as follows. A key factor in the realisation of a successful bio-based economy will be the development of biorefinery systems that are well integrated into the existing infrastructure. Through biorefinery development, highly efficient and cost effective processing of biological raw materials to a range of bio-based products can be achieved. Biorefineries can be classified on the basis of a number of their key characteristics. Major feedstocks include perennial grasses, starch crops (e.g. wheat and maize), sugar crops (e.g. beet and cane), lignocellulosic crops (e.g. managed forest, short rotation coppice, switchgrass), lignocellulosic residues (e.g. stover and straw), oil crops (e.g. palm and oilseed rape), aquatic biomass (e.g. algae and seaweeds), and organic residues (e.g. industrial, commercial and post consumer waste). Key biorefinery characteristics (69) Feedstock utilised Biorefinery Platform Products Process These feedstocks can be processed to a range of biorefinery streams termed platforms. These platforms include single carbon molecules such as biogas and syngas, 5 and 6 carbon carbohydrates from starch, sucrose or cellulose; a mixed 5 and 6 carbon carbohydrates stream derived from hemicelluloses, lignin, oils (plant-based or algal), organic solutions from grasses, pyrolytic liquids. These primary platforms can be converted to wide range of marketable products using combinations of thermal, biological and chemical processes. Knowledge of a biorefinery’s feedstock, platform and product allows it to be classified in a systematic manner (69). The classification of biorefineries enables the comparisons of biorefinery systems, improves the understanding of global biorefinery development, and allows the identification of technology gaps. An overview of current feedstocks, platforms and products is given in Figure 2. Examples of biorefinery classification include: • C6 sugar biorefinery yielding ethanol and animal feed from starch crops • Syngas biorefinery yielding FT-diesel and naptha from lignocellulosic residues • C6 and C6/C5 sugar and syngas biorefinery yielding ethanol, FT-diesel and furfural from lignocellulosic crops Examples of how operating biorefineries can be classified can be viewed on the IEA Bioenergy Task 42 website: http://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com. 4 3. BIOREFINERIES - CLASSIFICATIONPDF Image | Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from Biorefineries
PDF Search Title:
Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from BiorefineriesOriginal File Name Searched:
Task-42-Biobased-Chemicals-value-added-products-from-biorefineries.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |