PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 019
Table 7. The global development of lactic acid consumption is as follows (1,000 metric tons). 1990 1995 2000 2002 125 140 175 230 Toyota Motor Corporation 2004 290 2006 390 2008 CAGR% 1990 – 2008 540 8.5 Current and predicted large growth rates for lactic acid lie in its use in bio-based polymer production, see Tables 7/8. Polymerisation of lactic acid produces the biodegradable polymer polylactic acid (PLA) which is used in food packaging including rigid containers, shrink wrap and short shelf-life trays, as well as mulch films and rubbish bags. European demand for PLA is currently 25,000 tonnes per year, and could potentially reach 650,000 tonnes per year in 2025. Polylactide may also be used as a fibre for clothing, carpets and in industrial applications. The global leader in PLA production is NatureWorks based in Blair Nebraska, USA. The Dutch company Purac is the world leader in lactic acid production and is actively exploiting their technology base through partner collaborations (23). Other companies active in PLA include Futerro (a joint venture between lactic acid producers Galactic and the global energy producer Total), Teijin Fibers in Japan, Toyobo in Japan, HiSun in China and Pyramid Bioplastics in Germany (24). NatureWorks LLC NatureWorks is an independent company wholly owned by the agriculture giants Cargill. NatureWorks started producing PLA at their production plant in Blair Nebraska in 2002. The plant capacity now stands at 140,000 tonnes. NatureWorks produce Ingeo resin and Ingeo fiber for a range of applications. According to NatureWorks the production of Ingeo PLA produces up to 60% less greenhouse gas emissions compared to the production of fossil based PET and polystyrene. http://www.NatureWorksllc.com The development of PLA applications has been hampered by some of its functional characteristics. These short-comings are now being overcome through the use of additive packages and importantly through the controlled polymerisation of defined isomers of lactic acid (25, 26,27,28,29). Ethyl Lactate Ethyl lactate is another lactic acid derivative that has recently been commercialized. An environmentally benign solvent with properties superior to many conventional petroleum-based solvents, it can be blended with methyl soyate derived from soybean oil to create custom-tailored solvents for various applications. Until recently, the use of ethyl lactate has been limited owing to high production costs; selling prices for ethyl lactate have ranged between $3.30 and $4.40/kg, compared with $2.00 and $3.75/kg for conventional solvents. With advances in lactic acid fermentation, and separations and conversion technologies, retail costs have been driven down as low as $1.87/kg (89). The car producer Toyota has announced its intention to use bio- based PET for vehicle liner material and other interior surfaces. The bio-based PET has been developed with Toyota Tsusho who has put together a new supply chain for material production. In a joint venture Toyota Tsusho and China Man-made Fiber Corp. have established Greencol Taiwan Corp to produce MEG. The ethanol for MEG production will be sourced from Brazil. Greencol have engaged the engineering contractor Chemtex to build a 100,000 tonnes capacity ethanol to ethylene plant in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. http://pressroom.toyota.com/pr/tms/tmc-to-use-bio-pet- ecological-173305.aspx http://www.chemtex.com/templates/news_20101020.html Other C2 based building blocks Several other C2 based building blocks are currently used at scales around 1 Mton/year and up. Important examples are acetic acid, dichloroethane (formed by chlorination of ethane), vinylchloride (formed by dehydrochlorination of dichloroethane), ethylene oxide (oxidation of ethylene) and ethylenediamine (reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane and ammonia). As soon as sufficient market volumes of biobased ethylene become available and markets are ready for these chemicals they can easily be produced using traditional chemistry and existent infrastructure. 9.3 C3 containing compounds Lactic Acid Lactic acid is a bulk chemical with a global demand of 275,000 tonnes in 2006 and an average annual growth rate of 10% (17). Lactic acid has a long history of applications in the food and beverage sector as a preservative and pH adjusting agent. It is used in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, as a solvent and a starting material in the production of lactate ester. Table 8. Forecast for growth in lactic acid market (1000 t per annum) (121). 2008 2013 220 240 50 60 65 70 165 280 40 50 540 700 Lactic acid is also used as a standard or active ingredient in personal care products, due to its moisturising, pH regulating and skin lightening properties. Application Food Pharmaceuticals Industrial applications pH regulation Biopolymers Pesticide/other Total % of total 2013 34 9 10 40 7 100 17PDF Image | Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from Biorefineries
PDF Search Title:
Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from BiorefineriesOriginal File Name Searched:
Task-42-Biobased-Chemicals-value-added-products-from-biorefineries.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)