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Succinic Acid Succinic acid is currently a high volume speciality chemical produced by catalytic hydrogenation of petrochemical maleic acid or anhydride. However with cost reductions delivered through production based on bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, large volume commodity markets could be accessed. Currently the bacterial strain used for succinic acid production is E. coli, but necessity for lower costs is moving companies towards other microorganisms such as Coryne-type bacteria and yeast. Mitsubishi Chemical has developed a Coryne- type bacterium that has a significantly higher productivity compared to E. coli (133). Succinic acid can be converted to 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and other products, see Figure 11. BDO is currently produced form acetylene or propylene oxide and has a market size of nearly 1 million tonnes. It serves as a raw material for a range of important chemicals including polymers polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). Approximately 40% of BDO is consumed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) production. THF is a widely used (342,000 tons market in 2006) performance solvent and a feedstock for the production of polytetramethylene ether glycol used in the production of polyurethane polymers. BDO also acts as precursor to a number of speciality chemicals used as solvents or as raw materials in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals (Figure 11). The production of succinic acid has attracted a number of industry players. The first to demonstrate their technology at scale was BioAmber. BioAmber is currently working together with Mitsubishi Chemical to further improve their technology and obtain low cost products (134). Other companies looking to commercialise succinic acid include technology developer Myriant Technologies (52); Reverdia, a joint venture between Dutch life science and materials producer DSM and the French starch company Roquette (53) and lactic acid producers Purac with chemical giants BASF. In 2010 Myriant Technologies began design engineering of a succinic acid plant. The construction of the plant is supported by a $50 million US Department of Energy grant issued to BioEnergy International LLC. BioAmber – Mitsui & Co BioAmber and Mitsui & Co have partnered to build and operate a manufacturing facility in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. The initial phase of the facility is expected to have production capacity of 17,000 metric tons of biosuccinic acid and commence commercial production in 2013. The partners intend to subsequently expand capacity and produce 35,000 metric tons of succinic acid and 23,000 metric tons of 1,4 butanediol (BDO) on the site. BioAmber and Mitsui also intend to jointly build and operate two additional facilities (Thailand and North America/Brazil) that, together with Sarnia, will have a total cumulative capacity of 165,000 tons of succinic acid and 123,000 tons of BDO. BioAmber will be the majority shareholder in the plants. http://www.bio- amber.com/img/pdf/BioAmber_Mitsui_PR_final.pdf Figure 11. Potential Succinic acid value chain. 21PDF Image | Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from Biorefineries
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