PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 025
The U.S. company Amyris is developing synthetic biology as a technology platform (57). Amyris have developed a process for the production for trans-ß-farnesene under the trade mark BiofeneTM. Farnesene is a 15 carbon isoprenoid which could be used as a diesel fuel or a speciality chemical. Amyris are introducing BiofeneTM into the marketplace through a contract manufacturing agreement with Tate & Lyle. Xylitol/Arabitol Xylose and arabinose are the main pentoses or C5-carbohydrates in hemicellulose. Hydrogenation of these carbohydrates yields the isomers xylitol and arabitol. Xylitol is presently used as a sustainable, naturally occurring sweetener with all the sweetness of sugar but with 40% less calories. At the moment there is limited commercial production of xylitol outside China and no commercial production of arabitol. Total production is (900.000 ton/y) (118). Xylose and arabinose can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass but a major challenge is to obtain clean feed streams of these carbohydrates in a low cost way (15, 16). However, these sugar alcohols have other potential as they can be converted to glycols such as ethylene glycol and 1,2 propanediol. Xylitol (Danisco/Lenzing) Traditionally xylose, the starting material for xylitol production, is extracted from corn cobs, which are what remains of an ear of corn after the kernels have been extracted. In a recently published white paper Danisco together with Lenzing describe the sustainability benefits of a newly developed process, the Danisco Wood Based (DWB) process. In this process the xylose producing facility is integrated with a pulp and paper plant. Pulp and paper plants typically produce a waste side stream – consisting of black liquor – that has a high carbohydrate content and energy value. The side stream is usually combusted to produce heat and electricity which is used internally to fuel the pulp production within the plant. The integration of xylose production with a pulp and paper plant takes advantage of the high carbohydrate content of the side stream and utilises this waste stream as feedstock. The xylose in this feedstock is already in a hydrolysed form, and therefore in the DWB process there is no use of acid for hydrolysis. An LCA assessment demonstrated that the DWB integrated manufacturing process is 85-99% less impactful than the traditional xylose production process, leading to a significantly less impactful and more sustainable product. http://www.xivia.info/multimedia/Danisco_White_Paper_Xylitol _1e2011.pdf Other C5 based building blocks There are not many other C5 based building blocks that are currently used at scales around 50 kton/year and up. Important examples are furfuryl alcohol (formed by hydrogenation of furfural) and pentane diamine (cadaverine) used in nylon 5,10 (formed by decarboxylation of lysine). Itaconic acid is a granulated light yellow powder that can be processed into a polymer which may be used to replace petroleum-based poly- acrylic acids which are used in diapers, feminine pads, detergents, cosmetics, inks and cleaners. Itaconic acid is currently produced at around 80 kTon per year, mainly in China and little in France (122). 9.6 C6 containing compounds 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is produced by the chemical dehydration of six carbon carbohydrates. Through chemical manipulation, HMF can be converted to a range of furan derivatives (59). Oxidation of HMF gives 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), FDCA has been suggested as a replacement for terephthalic acid in the production of polyester polymers. The range of potential furanic products and the possibilities for use in novel polymer structures suggests the potential for good market growth if commercialisation can be achieved. The Dutch company Avantium is building a platform technology, branded as ‘YXY’, to commercialise bio-based furanics (60). Dimethylfuran has been proposed as a potential biofuel. Avantium’s YXY Building Blocks Avantium has created an enabling technology, called YXY, for the economic production of a new category of green products called Furanics. Furanics are green building blocks for a range of materials, chemicals and fuels. The building block as such has been studied for decades by industrial companies such as DuPont (USA), Celanese (USA) and DSM (NL), agricultural companies such as Quaker Oats (USA) and SüdZucker (DE), and research institutes around the world. In the scientific literature, Furanics are referred to as ‘sleeping giants’ because of their enormous potential for the production of green plastics and chemicals; Furanics were also listed in the top 12 high-potential green building blocks published by the US Department of Energy. Until today, Furanics had not been commercialized because Furanics production was not yet cost-effective. Furanics: 2,5-Furan-dicarboxylic-acid Avantium is set to change this by the development of a breakthrough technology that allows for the cost-effective production of Furanics as shown in their recently opened 24/7 pilot plant. Avantium’s proprietary process will unlock a whole new field of green materials and fuels. Beverage bottles, fibres, apparel, computer casings, car bumpers, airplane coatings and truck fuels: in future, all these things can be made on the basis of Avantium’s green building blocks. Recently co-development agreements were announced within the polyester (The Coca Cola Company – development of PEF bottles for PET replacement) and polyamide (Teijin Aramide and Solvay) space. http://www.avantium.com; http://www.yxy.com 23PDF Image | Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from Biorefineries
PDF Search Title:
Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from BiorefineriesOriginal File Name Searched:
Task-42-Biobased-Chemicals-value-added-products-from-biorefineries.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)