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Molecules 2019, 24, 182 25 of 41 high yields are obtained with 1 mol% DBU at 100 ◦C, and selective N-formylation of amines is realized Molecules 2019, 24, x FOR PEER REVIEW 25 of 42 with 10 mol% DBU at a lower temperature. Molecules 2019, 24, x FOR PEER REVIEW 25 of 42 Scheme 27. DBU-catalyzed selective N-methylation/N-formylation using PMHS as hydride reagent Scheme 2277..DBDUB-cUa-tcaalytazleydzesdelescetilvecetiNv-emNet-hmyleatthioynla/tNio-nfo/rNm-yfolartmioynlautsioing uPsMinHgSPaMs hHySdraidsehryeadgreidnet [128]. [r1e2a8g]e.nt [128]. In previous studes, the selective N-methylation and N-formylation of amines with CO2 was In previous studes, the selective N-methylation and N-formylation of amines with CO In previous studes, the selective N-methylation and N-formylation of amines with CO2 was2 mainly dependent on the reaction temperature because higher reaction temperatures favour was mainly dependent on the reaction temperature because higher reaction temperatures favour mainly dependent on the reaction temperature because higher reaction temperatures favour methylamine formation. Recently, a tungstate catalyst was employed for selective catalysis reductive methylamine formation. Recently, a tungstate catalyst was employed for selective catalysis reductive methylamine formation. Recently, a tungstate catalyst was employed for selective catalysis reductive functionalization of CO2 with amines and phenylsilane (Scheme 28) [129]. By varying the CO2 functionalization of CO with amines and phenylsilane (Scheme 28) [129]. By varying the CO functionalization of CO2 with amines and phenylsilane (Scheme 28) [129]. By varying the CO2 pressure, 2-electron or 6-electron reduction of CO2 was achieved to give formamides or methyl- pressure, 2-electron or 6-electron reduction of CO was achieved to give formamides or methyl- pressure, 2-electron or 6-electron reduction of CO2 was achieved to give formamides or methyl- amines, respectively. Meanwhile, the N-formylation proceeding through the silyl formate amines, respectively. Meanwhile, the N-formylation proceeding through the silyl formate intermediate amines, respectively. Meanwhile, the N-formylation proceeding through the silyl formate intermediate and the N-methylation through an aminal intermediate were demonstrated via control and the N-methylation through an aminal intermediate were demonstrated via control experiments intermediate and the N-methylation through an aminal intermediate were demonstrated via control experiments and NMR studies. and NMR studies. experiments and NMR studies. Scheme 28. Pressure-switched N-methylation/N-formylation to methylamine/formamide. Scheme 28. Pressure-switched N-methylation/N-formylation to methylamine/formamide. Scheme 28. Pressure-switched N-methylation/N-formylation to methylamine/formamide. Afterwards, Li and He studied the ligand-controlled copper complex-catalyzed selective Afterwards, Li and He studied the ligand-controlled copper complex-catalyzed selective Afterwards, Li and He studied the ligand-controlled copper complex-catalyzed selective transformationsofaminesandCO toformamidesandmethylamineswithphenylsilaneasreductant 2 transformations of amines and CO2 to formamides and methylamines with phenylsilane as transformations of amines and CO2 to formamides and methylamines with phenylsilane as (Scheme 29) [130]. Using the same reaction conditions and copper compound, selective catalysis was reductant (Scheme 29) [130]. Using the same reaction conditions and copper compound, selective reductant (Scheme 29) [130]. Using the same reaction conditions and copper compound, selective accurately regulated through simply changing the phosphine ligand. catalysis was accurately regulated through simply changing the phosphine ligand. catalysis was accurately regulated through simply changing the phosphine ligand.PDF Image | Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide through C-N Bond
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