PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 042
CO2 AS A POLYMER BUILDING BLOCK FUNDED PROJECTS for use in polyurethane synthesis. For products with commercial potential, a process will be developed that meets the requirements for industrial-scale implementation. The figure below shows synthetic routes to polymeric ma- terials that are to be studied during the project. The time requirements for the different reaction pathways shown will vary depending on the specific technical challenges presented. 1.3.2 Development of new highly active catalysts for the production of polycarbonates At the beginning of the project, the focus was on using zinc glutarates as cost-effective catalysts for the copolymerisation of propylene oxide and CO2. The disadvantage of these heterogeneous catalysts is their low activity in the copolymerisation reaction. Studies have shown that copolymerisa- tion occurs on the surface of the zinc glutarate particles, which is why the particles were very finely divided and activated in water. While this led to an improvement in catalyst activity, the observed increase was not as great as had been hoped and was less than what was needed. By combining careful analysis of the crystal structures of zinc succinate, zinc glutarate, zinc adi- pate and zinc pimelate with copolymerisation experiments and theoretical calculations it was possible to show that the optimum Zn-Zn distance lies between 4.3 Å and 5.0 Å.2 However, studying surface structure-activity rela- tions has identified a number of obstacles. Even if it were possible to reduce the size of the zinc glutarate particles so that they had the size of the crys- tallographic unit cell, the activity would still not have reached the level ex- pected of a highly active catalyst. Attention therefore turned to studying ho- mogeneous systems of dinuclear zinc systems as they enable higher activity in the copolymerisation of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide. In light of these considerations, the decision was made to put further work on hetero- geneous catalytic systems on hold and to focus on homogeneous systems as higher levels of activity can be achieved with the latter. Another advantage of studying single-site catalysts is that the analysis of the reaction mecha- nism is usually simpler. Theoretical calculations (P. Deglmann, BASF) showed that depolymerisation (backbiting) is sterically hindered in the copolymeri- sation of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2. Chain growth is therefore strongly favoured over depolymerisation, in contrast to the copolymerisation reaction involving propylene oxide.3 To incorporate this finding into the catalyst design it is necessary to synthesise catalysts with high Lewis acidity at the metal centres in order to generate stronger metal-oxygen bonds. Beta- diketiminate complexes were therefore synthesised, as the Lewis acidity of the zinc centre could be controlled by using different acetylacetone deriva- tives. A large number of dinuclear β-diketiminate complexes were synthesised, two of which showed extremely high activity for the copolymerisation 39PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
PDF Search Title:
Chemical Processes and Use of CO2Original File Name Searched:
CO2_Buch_engl.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |