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CO2 AS A POLYMER BUILDING BLOCK FUNDED PROJECTS 1.3.3 Polycarbonates exhibiting superior temperature resistance Work aimed at adjusting the service temperature of the polymer material within certain limits and of optimising other material properties was based around the idea of inserting additional termonomers or, alternatively, in- cluding suitable fillers or blending components. The project team was suc- cessful in producing terpolymers from propylene oxide, carbon dioxide and other epoxides. However, the catalysts used definitely need further optimi- sation. Unfortunately, the resulting terpolymers did not show the desired property of a heat-distortion temperature substantially higher than that of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). The price of the polymers also rises with increasing epoxide content and the percentage mass fraction of CO2 in the polymer decreases accordingly. The benefits of using CO2 as a monomer – low procurement costs and high CO2 content in the polymer – are therefore significantly lower with terpolymers than with pure copolymers made from CO2 and an epoxide. Promising results were, however, achieved using PPC blends with other polymers. In one set of experiments, blends of PPC were produced using new biodegradable polymers from the neighbouring group of ‘biopolymers’ and the mechanical and thermal properties of the blends were then studied. In other studies, blends were created with non-biodegradable polymers from BASF. Some of the mixing ratios used and some of the polymers suitable for blending with PPC had a significant effect on the properties of PPC even when present in very low quantities. The blends with other biopolymers such as Ecoflex®, PLA and Ecovio® are suitable for use in manufacturing packaging films. The films with PPC blends exhibited improved gas-barrier and tear-propagation properties. Two PPC blends developed in collaborati- on with Siemens AG showed particularly interesting features and were sub- sequently developed further and studied in greater detail. The PPC-PLA blends exhibi- ted properties similar to poly- styrene and could be used to create injection-moulded ob- jects. However, it was the PPC- PHB blends that showed gre- atest promise, and, working in cooperation with Siemens, these ABS substitutes were used to manufacture a com- ponent for the body of a vacu- um cleaner.7 Fig. 13: Injection-moulded vacuum cleaner part made of PPC blends 41PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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