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1CO2 UTILIZATION ECCO2 based energy landscape. The project has laid the foundation for pursuing effective basic research by developing novel measuring instruments based on the combinatorial coupling of different technologies. This work has al- ready furthered our understanding of CO2 reduction significantly and has identified a candidate alloy for producing ethylene from CO2. Generating ethylene from CO2 is particularly promising as ethylene is a key chemical feedstock that has a high commercial value on the global market. Further optimisation with respect to factors such as Faradaic efficiency and over- potential can make this new green synthetic pathway economically com- petitive compared with conventional production routes. The project also demonstrated that the results achieved and the applicability of the instru- ments used can be transferred from a model system (copper system / mate- rial library) to industrial catalysts. In the final industrial-scale application, these catalyst materials will be used in gas diffusion electrodes. The next step will involve transferring what has been achieved so far using commer- cial catalysts in the SFC to tests using a cell with gas diffusion electrodes. There are also plans to study other alloying elements, such as silver, gold and nickel. Here, too, the high resolution offered by the SFC-DEMS/SFC-ICP-MS setups in combination with material libraries offers significant advantages over work previously published in the scientific literature. Any non-linear relationships between product distribution and material composition can therefore be identified reliably. The ICP-MS setup enables the stability of the cathode, where CO2 reduction occurs, and the anode, where oxygen evolu- tion occurs, to be examined. The oxygen evolution reaction is not only im- portant in the CO2 reduction process, it is also a commonly used counter reaction but one in which the anodic potentials cause stability problems even when noble metals are used. In addition to the direct dissolution of the active material, another key factor affecting catalyst stability is the cor- rosion of the carbon support medium, which can be studied using the SFC- DEMS setup. Given the general relevance of the oxygen evolution reaction, the findings are not only of value for CO2 reduction studies but are of great interest in numerous electrolytic processes. However, further studies of both model systems and industrial catalysts are required if improved stability is to be achieved without any reduction in catalyst activity. The stability of the cathode is non-critical, at least under the reaction conditions used. If, how- ever, the system is switched on and off frequently, the potentials reached may result in the dissolution of less-noble catalyst components. Failure to take this into account when alloys are used may mean that the long-term functionality of the system cannot be guaranteed. The knowledge accumu- lated during the project can now be used to examine other candidate CO2 reduction materials and to improve the efficiency with which potential cata- lysts are developed. In addition to studying metallic samples, the research will also focus on examining thermally oxidised catalysts. Thermally oxi- dised copper exhibits a low overpotential but only limited selectivity with 60PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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