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DREAM POLYMERS FUNDED PROJECTS 1.9.3 Results 1.9.3.1 Development of catalysts for the copolymerisation reactions with CO2 and formaldehyde A concept was developed that allowed the direct copolymerisation of for- maldehyde with CO2 by incorporating the CO2 into a growing polyformal chain. CO2-containing formaldehyde block copolymers based on CO2-con- taining polyethers were also developed. Furthermore, methods were estab- lished that enable gaseous formaldehyde to be copolymerised with epoxides. Statistical polymers were produced via statistical copolymerisation of for- maldehyde with epoxide using a polyol starter; sequential polymerisation yielded block copolymers. 1.9.3.2 Developing methods for stabilising copolymers based on formaldehyde and CO2 An endcaping procedure for stabilization and OH functionalization with propylene oxide (PO) was developed to produce stable formaldehyde co- polymers. Both homopolymerization of formaldehyde in the presence of a starter and endcapping must be performed at temperatures below 60 de- grees Celsius to avoid thermal degradation of the POM blocks formed prior to the endcapping step. The double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst initially used for endcapping with PO exhibits insufficient activity in this temper- ature range. Lewis acids were found as alternative catalyst systems, which exhibit high activity for the homopolymerization of propylene oxide even at 60 degrees Celsius. 1.9.3.3 Optimisation of the catalytic methods Several new methods for generating polymers from formaldehyde sources were developed over the course of the project. Similarly, compatible meth- ods for stabilising the synthesised products were also discovered. In addition, alternative methods were found that provide routes to stable and previously inaccessible multiblock formaldehyde polyether diols. The copolymers gen- erated were used to produce formaldehyde-based polyurethanes that ex- hibited thermoplastic properties. The fraction of sustainable components in these materials was as high as 42 % by weight. 1.9.3.4 Material properties of the products The novel formaldehyde-containing polyols can react with isocyanates to form polyurethanes. The properties of these new materials were examined and it was shown that their thermal and mechanical properties and their resistance to environmental factors are similar to those of conventional polyurethane films. 77PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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