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Chemical Processes and Use of CO2

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Chemical Processes and Use of CO2 ( chemical-processes-and-use-co2 )

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1CO2 UTILIZATION DREAMPOLYMERS The thermoplastic polyurethanes generated from the novel polyols were al- so examined to determine their suitability for extrusion processing. It was demonstrated that the polyurethanes formed from the block copolymers (CO2/PO-formaldehyde-CO2/PO) behave very much like thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). 1.9.3.5 Life cycle assessment of the products Incorporating 20 % by weight of CO2 reduces CO2 emissions by around 17 %. This result was already known from the preceding project ‘Dream Produc- tion’. The inclusion of 24 % by weight of formaldehyde as a substitute for propylene oxide, which was examined in the present project, resulted in an equally advantageous reduction in CO2 emissions of 18 %. By combining these results, i.e. using CO2 (16 %) and formaldehyde (21 %), CO2 emissions savings of up to 30 % can be achieved. In any industrial implementation of the polyol syntheses examined in this study, the presence of a nearby con- centrated source of CO2 would be particularly beneficial. 1.9.4 Exploitation, commercialisation and dissemination of results The overall objective of the research project was to utilise CO2 as a C1 build- ing block in the conversion of formaldehyde to produce polymethylene car- bonate polyols. The project aimed to establish the principles governing the incorporation of CO2 and formaldehyde into polyols and to identify new research directions and encourage new developments in the field of renew- able raw materials in industrial polymer manufacture. The results from the project have significantly strengthened Germany’s position as a technology hub, particularly the market competitiveness of companies operating in ar- eas involving renewable raw materials. Scientific and research prospects The research work carried out in the project yielded major advances in the production of formaldehyde-based polymers. Of particular note in this re- gard is the development of novel formaldehyde copolymers that can be converted to a range of different polyurethanes. As segments with different crystallisation propensities can be combined, this opens up the possibility of designing previously unknown polymer architectures. Important new re- sults were also obtained regarding the polymerisation and copolymerisation of 1,3,5-trioxane. Additionally, methods for copolymerising 1,3,5-trioxane with acid anhydrides were also developed that have not so far been studied scientifically. Extensive kinetic studies with in situ analyses were conducted that yielded new insights into the mechanistic details of the cationic poly- merisation of trioxane. 78

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