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FFPAG FUNDED PROJECTS investment required, the operating costs and the income from selling the hydrogen and carbon produced. If the endothermic pyrolysis reaction can benefit from optimised heat in- tegration, the reduction in CO2 emissions compared with the conventional method of hydrogen production from the steam-methane reforming pro- cess is about 50 % [1]. The Sankey diagrams in Figure 29 provide a qualitative representation of the results of computing the carbon footprint (compari- son of CO2 emissions) for the conventional process using the best available process technology and for the new FfPaG concept. The process boundaries are shown by the rounded rectangular frames and the CO2 emissions across the process boundaries are represented as circles. If the FfPaG process is to be successfully implemented in practice, research work will be required in the following areas: • High-temperature reactor technology with heat integration: Design of an optimally energy-integrated reactor for the pyrolysis of natural gas to yield hydrogen and carbon • Heating technology for the endothermic pyrolysis of natural gas in a gas-solid reactor • Studying the coupled momentum, thermal and mass transport processes with reaction in the gas-solid system: Ensuring that the carbon structures being produced do not pose a toxicological hazard by optimising the pro- cess conditions, particularly temperature and residence time • Creation of a carbon product whose physical and material properties are suitable for use in the steel- and aluminium-producing industries, devel- opment of the steps necessary to formulate an appropriate carbon prod- uct for each specific industrial application • Catalysts and processes for the RWGS reaction: Development of catalysts with high activity, hydrothermal stability, resistance to sintering and long-term stability • Process integration of the pyrolysis and CO2 activation stages: Develop- ment of an energy-optimised overall process concept. The knowledge gained from these research activities will be used to design, dimension and engineer a suitable pilot plant. 83PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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