PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 092
PHOTOKAT FUNDED PROJECTS 1.11.2 Project description In order to develop structure-activity relationships based on the oxides TiO2 and ZnO, it was necessary to determine which structural and electron- ic properties a catalyst needs to exhibit in terms of its three-dimensional structure and its surface so that products such as methanol or methane can be produced in high yield and with high selectivity. The results would then be used for the targeted development of active catalysts that would enable selective control of the reaction pathways to these products. The project ex- amined model catalysts with isolated centres, clusters and thin films of tran- sition metal oxides, composites and commercially available ZnO and TiO2. The aim was to use a variety of spectroscopic methods (UV/Vis, in situ IR, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy), temperature-programmed methods (desorption, reduction, surface reactions), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and supplementary methods of characterisation from the fields of electrochemistry and semiconductor physics to identify and under- stand in detail the reaction pathway and the active centre. However, it became apparent in the early phases of the project that reliable measurement data on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 would only be obtainable if the measurements were carried out under extremely pure con- ditions. As the conversions achieved in nearly all of the international stud- ies published were below 10 μmol gcat-1 h-1, the presence of even very small amounts of hydrocarbon contaminants can cause large errors in the meas- urement results [1]. This is particularly critical because CO2 is the most sta- ble carbon containing molecule in the reactor, which means that all other carbon compounds that happen to be present (sealing materials, solvents, etc.) would react more rapidly than CO2 to produce apparent hydrocarbon products. For this reason, a gas-phase photoreactor was developed and built during the project that allowed measurements to be carried out under conditions of ex- tremely high purity (Fig. 33). All of the components in the photoreactor are suitable for use in vacuum equipment and have dry (i.e. grease-free) seals. Fur- thermore, all samples were also subjected to a comprehensive photocatalytic cleaning procedure that ensured that any other hydrocarbons, such as those still present from the synthesis of the photocatalysts, were removed down to the detection limit of the gas chromatographic trace analyser (< 1 ppm) [3]. 1.11.3 Results By conducting the studies using comparable ultrapure reaction conditions it was possible to acquire reliable data on the relative activity of the different 89PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
PDF Search Title:
Chemical Processes and Use of CO2Original File Name Searched:
CO2_Buch_engl.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)