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CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE can be stored, distributed and ultimately used in combustion engines or fuel cells. Forecasts indicate that the disadvantages associated with the low ener- gy density of vehicle batteries will no longer be a problem for cars in the near future. Other modes of transport, such as road freight, shipping and air transport, will, however, continue to be reliant on fuels with high energy densities. Although concepts are currently being developed for the direct use of electricity for these modes of transport, e.g. overhead contact lines for road freight vehicles, there is no indication as yet when this sort of technology might be introduced. Forecasts of a minimum and a maximum deployment of PtX technology in the transport sector for the period up to 2050 are presented in Figure 61. The maximum amount of electric power to be provided by PtX was calculated by estimating the total energy requirements of the transport sector minus that needed for e-mobility [31]. This corresponds to about 75 GW of power in 2050 assuming a plant utilisation rate of 6000 full-load hours. If a more con- servative estimate of the growth in PtX technology is assumed with stronger expansion of e-mobility solutions, the minimum amount of power from PtX technology in 2050 is projected to be about 22 GW. 2.1.4.4 Potential uses in the chemical sector The chemical industry needs considerable amounts of fossil-based raw materials (particularly crude oil and natural gas), which will need to be substituted by renewable feedstocks in order to achieve a fully renewables- based energy system. In 2013, the chemical sector was responsible for only a small fraction of the total level of primary energy consumption in Germany Chemistry Mobility Power supply Fig. 61: Possible development in the expansion of PtX capacity in Germany. (Source: authors’ own study [30]) 125 Required Power to x Power in GWPDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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