PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 129
2 CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE (6.8 %, see Figure 46). Its importance will, however, increase over time and by 2050 this percentage fraction will have doubled as a result of efficiency improve- ments in the other three sectors. The demand for primary energy sources for non-energy applications in the chemical sector is forecast to grow by 0.7 % per year, when productivity and efficiency improvements are taken into account, with demand totalling 293 TWh in 2050. If this demand is met by renewables, the maximum demand for installed power from PtX systems is forecast to be 58 GW assuming a plant utilisation rate of 6000 full-load hours (see Figure 61 and [30]). If conversion losses are taken into account, this corresponds to an an- nual demand for electrical energy of 350 TWh, which is just over half of Ger- many’s electricity demand in 2015. In a conservative estimate, PtX technologies will cover around 30 % of the demand for raw materials in the chemical sector. The PtX facilities will be powered by the increasing levels of excess electricity from renewable sources and will be supplemented by PtX systems powered by renewable energy that are specifically designed for chemical feedstock production. This additional demand for renewable energy to produce raw materials can also be met by importing feedstock from PtX sites that can exploit very favourable renewable energy sources. One such example is the power-to-methanol plant in Iceland that operates at high capacity utilisa- tion rates and uses geothermal electric power and CO2 captured from geo- thermal flue gas to produce methanol at a very competitive price. Hydrogen or synthesis gas can be used in the chemical industry as the star- ting point for producing many of the feedstock materials that are themsel- ves the basic chemicals used in many areas of industry (see Figure 60). Ethylene, for example, is the largest volume basic organic compound pro- duced in Germany (5 million metric tons in 2014 [34]), a large proportion of which is used for manufacturing plastics. Another example is ammonia (2.5 million metric tons per year), which is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen and is the basic feedstock for all nitrogen-containing compounds. Much of the ammonia produced is used in the manufacture of fertilisers [34] and it, like ethylene, plays a central role in today’s world. 2.1.4.5 Summary of potential future demand for PtX techno- logy in the electricity, transport and chemical sectors Even conservative forecasts predict that by 2050 around 40 GW of PtX storage capacity will be required in Germany. This demand is shared approximately equally between the mobility and chemical sectors. (see Figure 61). Even under conditions that encourage PtX development (favourable cost trends and early market maturity), if grid expansion proceeds at the ideal rate, 126PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
PDF Search Title:
Chemical Processes and Use of CO2Original File Name Searched:
CO2_Buch_engl.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)