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PtX technology will only be deployed at a later stage and for long-term energy storage. If, however, grid expansion is severely delayed, as seems likely from the present perspective, then the prevailing conditions will be different and PtX technology will become established at an earlier date (See Section 2.1.3.2). The arguments presented above can be summarised as follows: • The decarbonisation of the chemical industry will require switching from fossil-based to renewables-based raw materials and feedstocks. As decar- bonisation proceeds, there will be an increasing need to use PtX technol- ogy to convert low-cost, low land-use wind and solar power into basic chemicals. • Biomass is unable to provide a sustainable and environmentally compat- ible source of raw materials and transport fuels for the chemical industry and the transport sector. • If the chemical industry continues to grow at 0.7 % per annum, the amount of electrical energy required for power-to-X facilities has been estimated to rise to 350 TWh for an installed capacity of approximately 60 GW. This corresponds to approximately half of the electricity currently consumed in Germany. Fig. 62: A CO2-neutral energy system for the sectors electric power generation, heat, transport and process industries based on access to power-to-X technology (power-to-heat, power-to-gas, power-to-liquid, power-to- chemicals), CCU and sources of renewable energy. (Source: compiled by the authors [7]) Usage Gas storage Head- to- Power Head pump Heat network Heat storage Fuel accumulator Automobile & Bus & Trains lorries Housholds Trade, commerce, services Industry Working machine Ships CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE Generation, conversion Distribution, storage, conversion PV Head- to- Power CSP Gas- to- Power Geothermal KWK energy Water cycle Hydropower Carbon Electricity Capture storage CO2 Capture Solar radiation Solar power Photosynthesis, plants Bio mass Heater Electricity KWK Gas KS Wind power Solar Wind Energy boat Water Power- to- Gas Electricity network CO2 Gas network Fuel network Planes Power- to- Liquid 127PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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