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2 CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE • The renewable energy surcharge is payable – in some cases, with the exception of PtG as an electricity storage technology, the surcharge is payable twice (for both the storage and the reconversion stage) • Cannot be credited as renewable heat or renewable fuel. Section 27a of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) stipulates that a feed-in tariff for renewable energy installations may be included in the auction only if the electricity generated by the installation is not consu- med, converted or stored by the installation itself (‘self-supply’). This effecti- vely prohibits any intelligent combination of wind power and wind gas. The energy generated by a wind park can either be used for self-supply (no EEG subsidy) or can be fed into the grid (EEG subsidy), but the latter frequently remains unused as a result of grid management interventions that throttle feed-in from renewable sources. To fully exploit the potential of power-to-gas and sector coupling, the fol- lowing steps need to be implemented: • Consolidating and redesigning the energy markets and/or the surcharge system • Removing barriers between sectors • Joint planning of consolidated distribution network (electricity-heating- gas) and exploitation of existing synergies • Establishing CO2 as a raw material • Long-term planning for uniform and unifying legislation for the electricity, heating and gas sectors • Stimulating the importing of renewable raw materials and fuels • Recognition of renewables-based PtX products in legislation covering renewable heat and renewable fuels. Power-to-gas will only be needed as a means of storing excess electrical ener- gy in the electricity generating sector once high levels of decarbonisation have been achieved and will therefore complement but not replace grid expansion. Using PtX plants to reduce grid bottlenecks can create a win-win situation: ‘excess electricity’ is used and not wasted, grid bottlenecks are removed, use of expensive back-up power plants burning climatically harmful fossil fuels can be avoided and the PtX technology that will anyway be needed later on can gradually become established. From the current perspective, the main drivers of PtX technology are the decarbonisation strategies in the transport and chemical sectors. Climate policy measures have increased the need for action in these sectors and have boosted demand for climate-friendly fuels and raw materials. Legislati- on has already been passed regarding electrofuel quotas produced with 130PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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