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2 CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE CO2RRECT To help achieve project objectives quickly and efficiently, a number of work packages were defined that were carried out in accordance with an agreed project plan. Project progress was monitored by means of project milestones and decision points. In order to implement and evaluate the overall concept, a number of prepa- ratory and post-processing steps were necessary: • Supply of CO2 from the flue gas stream of a coal-fired power plant and at a purity level suitable for the proposed reforming reaction. In order for the C1 building block CO2 to be used as a chemical feedstock, the gas must be practically free from any catalyst poisons. The goal was to determine whether the captured CO2 could be used without further processing or whether additional purification stages were required. • The hydrogen needed to chemically activate the CO2 is generated by elec- trolysis. The electrolytic process was powered using excess electricity re- sulting from fluctuations in the electric power being fed into the grid from renewable sources of energy. The challenge was to develop an elec- trolysis unit that was capable of being operated by a dynamically fluctu- ating power source. • A method of hydrogen storage forms the link between the temporary generation of H2 in the electrolysis unit and the continuous use of H2 in the chemical conversion of CO2. One of the questions that needed to be addressed was what kind of hydrogen storage system would offer suf- ficient storage capacity and the requisite accessibility while also being technically and economically feasible to implement. • The subsequent utilisation of the product from the CO2 reforming re- action is an important aspect as it determines whether any downstream workup and separation has to be performed. The different possible utili- sation routes for the product of the reforming reaction were therefore al- so taken into consideration. The downstream process studied in the pro- ject was the polymer manufacturing route for producing polyurethanes and polycarbonates from CO. • To obtain a reliable scientifically-based evaluation of the different alter- natives it was essential that the different variants were assessed in their entirety using an appropriate and unbiased methodology. This required access to validated sets of data, which for many of the options under dis- cussion were not available and therefore had to be compiled, and it re- quired extending or adapting the life cycle assessment (LCA) methods. To ensure that the assessments could be legitimately compared, the sys- 144PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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