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2 CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE HYCATS 2.7 HyCats – New catalysts and technologies for solar chemical hydrogen production BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1012 Project Coordinator: Dr. Sven Albrecht, H.C. Starck GmbH Project Partner: H.C. Starck GmbH, Universität Bonn, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Leibniz Institut für Katalyse, DLR Köln, ODB-Tec GmbH & Co. KG, Zinsser Analytic GmbH 2.7.1 Introduction The term ‘solar chemical hydrogen production’ refers to the concept of us- ing sunlight to generate hydrogen fuel. It represents a very elegant means of storing and transporting renewable energy. Compared with hydrogen pro- duction via photovoltaics and water electrolysis, the technology required for photocatalytic hydrogen generation is considerably simpler and therefore offers greater potential for reducing process costs. The potential service life of a photocatalytic system is also significantly longer, as no corrosive elec- trolyte solutions are involved. If hydrogen is to be generated sustainably, renewable primary sources of en- ergy will need to be deployed. It therefore seems worthwhile to examine the use of solar energy for this purpose as it is the largest available source of energy. As there are a number of different means of harnessing solar power to produce hydrogen, the method offering the greatest advantages for the application being studied in this project needs to be identified. The crucial factors are energy conversion efficiency, the system’s operating life, the cap- ital investment required, and the system’s operating and maintenance costs. Analysing these factors leads to the conclusion that – as in a photovolta- ic system – the most practicable approach is to keep the reactors relatively simple and to generate the hydrogen at (comparatively) low temperatures. As existing photocatalysts are not efficient enough or do not have a suffi- ciently long service life, they are not currently viable as a means of producing hydrogen economically. Solar hydrogen generation will become economical to operate if the efficiency and lifetime of the photocatalytic systems can be increased while also lowering the associated material and production costs. If solar hydrogen production is introduced to the market this will not only mean huge reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, but will also enable CO2 to 172PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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