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3 ENERGY-EFFICIENT PROCESSES CO2-KOMPRESSOR 3.3 CO2-Kompressor – Developing a miniaturised, oil-free CO2 compressor with an integrated CO2-cooled electric motor drive for large-scale CO2 heat pumps BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1014 Project Coordination: Dr. Gerd Janson, KSB AG Project Partner: Universität Stuttgart, Hochschule Mannheim, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern 3.3.1 Project background The European Heat Pump Association forecasts that 20% of the Europe’s en- tire carbon emission reduction targets can be achieved through the use of heat pumps. The term ‘heat pump market’ typically refers to a market for small-scale heat pumps with thermal power ratings of up to 40 kW. The markets for larger industrial heat pumps (with thermal capacities greater than 40 kW) are far less well developed than those for smaller units. One gateway market of particular interest for CO2 heat pumps is their use in wa- ter heating and space heating applications. Up until now, the use of CO2 as a refrigerant in heat pumps has been hindered by the effect that the oil lu- bricant has on the thermodynamics of the refrigerant medium. The mixing of CO2 and oil alters the properties of the CO2 refrigerant medium and this has prevented the heat pump from achieving the desired coefficient of per- formance and has made the use CO2 as a heat pump refrigerant less attrac- tive. The advantage of CO2 over the synthetic refrigerants currently used is that the global warming potential of CO2 is some one to two thousand times smaller than that of the chlorine-free hydrofluorocarbons commonly used at present. Among the natural refrigerants available, CO2 is the only one that is neither toxic (cf. ammonia) or flammable (cf. propane or butane). These are all reasons why natural refrigerants are only rarely used in heat pumps. For CO2 heat pumps to succeed commercially, the technology needs access to efficient, oil-free, high-pressure compressors. 3.3.2 Project description 3.3.2.1 Project objectives The aim of this project was to develop, build and test a prototype of an oil-free CO2 compressor with an integrated CO2-cooled motor drive for 204PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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