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Chemical Processes and Use of CO2

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Chemical Processes and Use of CO2 ( chemical-processes-and-use-co2 )

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INNOVA2 FUNDED PROJECTS These lab studies identified potentially advantageous applications and areas of use and the results were repackaged in the form of decision-making guidance. Transferring the lab results and checking their suitability for use in industri- al-scale facilities requires the dual-path strategy depicted in Fig. 89. One path involves geometric scale-up in which experimental testing is carried out on larger scale pilot plants, the other involves transitioning to the heat transfer media typically used in industrial plants. The scale-up involved a transition of about one order of magnitude from a thermal power rating in the 10–30 kW range and a heat transfer surface area of about 1 m2 in the lab to a power rating of 100–300 kW range and a surface area of about 10 m2 in the pilot plant stu- dies. The vaporisation and condensation trials using finned tubes took place in the technical centre operated by Linde Engineering in Höllriegelskreuth, the experiments involving pillow plate evaporators and condensers were done in the technical centre at Bayer Technology Services GmbH in Leverkusen. By experimentally characterising the performance of these new heat exch- anger designs and by evaluating them relative to a conventional heat exch- anger constructed from smooth cylindrical tubes, the project team was able to assess the equipment and process designs from both an economic and an environmental perspective. To assess the environmental impact of ener- gy and material transfer processes, a new type of three-level model was de- veloped. This allows the structured and modular mapping of an industrial process and how it is embedded within the surrounding operational, ener- getic and utility supply infrastructure. Fig. 90: Structure of the collaborative project, showing the project areas (PA) and the associated subprojects 213

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