Chemical Processes and Use of CO2

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Chemical Processes and Use of CO2 ( chemical-processes-and-use-co2 )

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ABWÄRME FUNDED PROJECTS Selecting suitable ionic liquids IoLiTec selected and synthesised suitable candidate ionic liquids (ILs) from a database containing more than 2000 ILs. A range of hygroscopic ILs were already known from previous work, but these were barely able to meet the required thermal stability criterion. The initial longlist of ILs was reduced to a final shortlist of six that was examined to determine the thermophysical property data relevant to heat transformation applications. Property data testing Comprehensive studies of the six ILs were undertaken at ITTK. This invol- ved searching the literature for relevant property data, though much of the required data was measured experimentally using existing equipment and the results described by means of correlation equations. Values were deter- mined for the following properties: vapour pressures of aqueous mixtures, densities, specific heat capacities, excess enthalpies, viscosities, temperature stability and, in certain cases, diffusion coefficients. The key criteria that es- tablished the suitability of a candidate IL for its use in absorption heat trans- formers were shown to be phase equilibrium and temperature stability. On the basis of these criteria, the following two ILs were identified as suitable for use in a AHT: [EMIM][OMs] and [E3MPy][OMs]. Process simulation To enable dimensioning of the process and to allow comparisons to be made between different pairs of working fluids, a number of simulation programs were developed using MATLAB. A simple equilibrium stage model enabled the coefficient of performance (COP) to be calculated as a function of the temperature of the useful heat at different operating conditions. The COP is the ratio of useful high-temperature heat to the lower temperature waste heat input. Another equilibrium stage model was used to simulate two-stage processes. A program based on modelling mass and heat transfer processes was also developed to assist in the dimensioning of plate absorbers. Addi- tionally, an alternative absorber concept comprising packed columns with intermediate cooling stages was simulated and studied. New equipment concepts Up until now, the generator and absorber stages used in existing heat trans- fer systems and in commercially available absorption chillers have been configured as horizontal tube bundles. The weakness of such a design is the need for a uniform distribution of the fluid to ensure that the tubes remain completely wetted, something that is particularly hard to achieve when the working fluids are more viscous, as is the case with ionic liquids. To address this issue, API Schmidt-Bretten collaborated with ITTK to develop a novel type of plate absorber whose characteristic feature was a new distribution of 219

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